iviii ETUNOGRAPUIU yivETCtl. 



one in a series of similar butcheries. Apparently it occurred in 1852, and 

 the particuhirs are all given in Texts, pages 13 and 14. 



One of the earliest I'eports upon the.se tribes made to the Bureau of 

 Indian Aftairs at Washington is that of Joel Palmer, Superintendent of 

 Indian Affairs for Oregon, dated Dayton, Oregon, September 11, 1854. 

 Palmer states that the lands of the Klamath Indians extend upon the east- 

 ern base of the Cascade range for about thirty miles east, and that east of 

 them live the "Mo-docks," who speak the same language as the Klamaths; 

 and east of these again, extending farther south, are the "Mo-e-twas" (Pit 

 Kiver Indians). These two last-named tribes have always evinced a deadly 

 hostility to the whites, and tlie Modocs boasted of having within the last 

 four years murdered thirty- six whites. Palmer entered into an agreement 

 with the Klamath Indians to keep the peace with the white people, and also 

 sent messengers to the Modocs and Pit Rivers, believing that henceforth 

 the immigrants would be spared from their attacks. The Klamath Lakes 

 were then enfeebled by wars witli the surrounding tribes and by conflicts 

 among themselves, and were said to number but four hundred and fifteen 

 souls. He counted seven villages on Upper Klamath Lake, two on Pliock 

 Creek (P'laikni or Sprague River), three on Toqua Lake (Tukua), and one 

 on Coasto (Koliashti) Lake.* Tlie Indians had some guns, horses, camp 

 equipage, and the aboriginal war-club and "elk-skin shield" (kakno'lsh). 

 Little Klamath Lake he calls An-coose, a corruption of Agawesli. 



Neither Klamath Lake nor Modoc Indians have taken any part in the 

 great Oregon war of 1854-56, although their sympatliies were of course 

 strongly in favor of the aboriginal cause. 



For the year 1854 Powers records a battle fought bj' Captain Judy 

 against Modoc and Shasti Indians on the Klamath River, north of Yreka, 

 in which some women of the Shasti were killed. 



The Report of 1859 speaks of continued hostilities on the side of the 

 Modocs against passing immigrants and of the murdering of a partA' of five 

 white men in Jackson County, Oregon. Two of the murderers belonged 

 to the tribe of Chief Lek'kash, and three of the perpetrators were seized and 

 killed by the Klamath Indians (page 392). 



* This would mako only six, not .seven, villages. 



