EARLY HISTORY. lix 



Alexander S. Taylur has the following passage in his "California 

 Farmer" of June 22, 1860: "Cunitukus, Lalacks, Schonches, and Tertup- 

 kark are names of chiefs among Klamath Lake Indians of the Oukskenah 

 tribe. The big Klamatli Lake is called Toakwa." Except the first, the 

 above head-men were all identified in the Dictionary with the well-known 

 names of Lelekasli, Skontchish (a Modoc chief) and Tatapkaksh. Cum- 

 tukni, who died about 1866, is mentioned by Stephen Powers as a great 

 orator, prophet, and rain-maker.f 



Whether the two incursions made upon the Klamath Lake people by 

 the Rogue River Indians of Tinne lineage, across the Cascade range, of 

 which detailed accounts were furnished in our Texts by Dave Hill, took 

 place about 1855 or earlier I have not the means of ascertaining. The 

 Lake tribe were not slow in inflicting vengeance upon the attacking party, 

 for tliey crossed the mountain pass and fell upon the camps of their enemies, 

 making sad havoc among th'nn. 



Frequent disputes and encounters occui-red between the two chieftain- 

 cies and the Shasii Indiana around Yreka, California ; but the warlike quali- 

 ties of the latter were often too strong for the aggressors, and the conflicts 

 were not very bloody.f With the Pit River or M6atwash tribe the matter 

 was different. They were not, like the Shasti, possessed of the warrior 

 spirit, and therefore had to suffer terribly from the annual raids perpetrated 

 npon them. In April and Ma}- the Klamath Lakes and Modocs would 

 surround the camps, kill the men, and abduct the women and children to 

 their homes, or sell them into slavery at the international bartering place 

 at The Dalles. Some of these raids were provoked by horse-stealing, 

 others by greed for gain and plunder, and the aggre.«sors never sufifered 

 heavily thereby. When they began is not known, but the treaty of 1864 

 put an end to them. The recitals in the Texts, pages 13-27 and 54, 55, 



• Overland Monthly, 1873, June number, page 540. His appearance had some- 

 thing fascinating for the Indians, and some are said to have traveled two hundred miles 

 to consult him. His name appears to be Kumetakni = " coming from a cave," or " liv- 

 ing in a cave."' 



t One of these fights took place between the Shasti, Modoc, and Trinity River 

 Indians for the possession o an obsidian quarry north of Shasta Butte, mentioned by 

 B. B. Redding in American Naturalist, XIII, p. 668, et seq., and Archiv f. Anthropol- 

 ogic, XIV, p. 425. 



