Ix ETHNOGIiAPHIC SKETCH. 



give us graphic sketches of these intertribal broils. Some of the eastern 

 Pit Rivers seem to have lived on friendly terms with the Modocs ; but the 

 bands farther south, especially the Hot Spring and Big Valley Indians, 

 were the principal suti'erers by these incursions. In a raid of 1857 iifty-six 

 of their women and children were enslaved and sold on the Columbia River 

 for Cayuse ponies, one squaw being rated at five or six horses and a boy 

 one horse.* 



The Pit River Indians were a predatory tribe also, and very dangerous 

 to the immigrants passing through their country to northwestern Oregon. 

 Their continued depredations made it a duty of the Government to inflict 

 upon them a heavy chastisement, and Maj. Gen. George Crook, command- 

 ing the Colorado Department of the United States Army, was intrusted 

 with its execution. This campaign of ISfiT is described by him as fol- 

 lows :t 



I continued the campaign into the Pit- River country witli Company H, First 

 Cavalry, Lieutenant Parnelle; Company D, Twenty-third Infantry, Lieutenant Madi- 

 gan. First Cavalry, commamling; aud Archie Mcintosh, with his twenty Fort Boise 

 ludian scouts. We found ou Pit Eiver a party of warriors in camp. They fled. 

 The next day we discovered a large party of warriors in the bluffs oh the river. We 

 had a severe fight, lasting two days and niglits. They eftected their escape by means 

 of holes aud crevices in the grouud. A great many were liilled, among whom were 

 some of note; how many could not be ascertained. Our loss was Lieutenant Madigan 

 and three men killed, ami eight soldiers and one citizen wounded. 



The more unruly portion of these Indians were subsequently removed 

 to the Round Valley Reservation, California, and about two hundred are 

 still in their old homes. 



Between the Klamaths and the neighboring Snake tribes there was 

 always a sort of disaffection, based upon difference of race, language, and 

 habits; but whether their earlier relations were always those of open hostility 

 or not is past finding out.f The woiding of the treat}- makes it probable that 

 the hunting grounds north and east of their present seats on Sprague River 

 were shared in common by both, and that the Snake Indians frequently 



•Alex. S. Taylor, "California Farmer," May, 1859. 



t Rei)ort of the Secretary of War, ISflS-'OO. Part 1, p. CO, dated August 22, 1867. 

 St'jphen Powers refers to this fight iu Contributions HI, p. 2G8. 



I One of the Texts, p. 28, shows that the Snakes in one instance attacked and 

 massacred in a very cowardly way some women near the outlet of Williamson River. 



