XX ETHNOGKAPniC SKETCH. 



considerable size.* Hot springs of sulphuric taste flow westward east of 

 Linkville, one of them showing a temperature of 190° Fahr. 



The Klamath Reservation is studded with a large number of isolated 

 and short volcanic hill ridges, witii a general direction from northwest to 

 southeast. South of Klamath Marsh there are elevations culminating at 

 5,650 and G,000 feet, and in Fuego Mountain 7,020 feet are attained. 

 Yamsi Peak, between Klamath Marsh and Sykan Marsh (5,170 feet) reaches 

 an altitude of not less than 8,242 feet, thus rivaling many peaks of the 

 Cascade Range. The Black Hills, south of Sykan (Saikeni) Marsh, rise to 

 6,410 feet, but are surpassed by several elevatjons south of Sprague River, 

 near the middle course of which the Yaneks Agency (4,450 feet) is situated. 

 Sprague River (P'laikni k6ke), the most considerable tributary of William- 

 son River, drains a valley rich in productive bottoms and in timber. 



The basaltic ridge, which forms a spur of the Cascade Range and passes 

 east of Fort Klamath (I-ukak), slopes down very abruptly toward the Qua- 

 ternary lake basin, now forming a low marshy prairie and watered by Wood 

 River (E-ukalkshini koke), which enters upper Klamath Lake near Kohashti 

 and by Seven Mile Creek, nearer the Cascade Range. This basaltic spur, 

 called Yanalti by the Indians, represents the eastern side of a huge fault- 

 fissure. Its altitude constantly decreases until it is crossed by a rivulet one- 

 eighth of a mile long, called Beetle's Rest (Tgiilutcham Kshute'lsh), which 

 issues from a pond, drives a. mill, and then joins Crooked River (Yanalti 

 koke, or Tutashtaliksini koke). This beautiful spring and stream were 

 selected by the Government as the site for the Klamath Agency buildings. 

 The old agency at Kohashti (Guhuaslikshi or "Starting-place") on the 

 lake, three miles south, was abandoned, and a subagency established at 

 Yaneks. The agency buildings are hidden in a grove of lofty pine trees. 

 South of these the ridge rises again and culminates in an elevation, called 

 Pi'tsua (4,680 feet). The junction of Sprague and Williamson Rivers is 

 marked by a rock called Ktai-Tupakshi, and described in Dictionary, page 

 149, as of mythic fame. South of Sprague River the ledge rises again, 

 and, approaching close to the lake shore, forms Modoc Point, a bold head- 



* I have uot been able to vi^it per.Hoaally other i)arts of the Khuuath highlands 

 than the eastern shore of Upper Klamath Lakf, from Fort Klamath to Linkville. 



