XVI ETllNO(iKAI'lJJ(l SKETCU. 



THE HOME OV THE TEOI'LE. 



The home of tlie Klamath tribe of southwestern Oregon lies upon the 

 eastern slope of the southern extremity of the Cascade Range, and very 

 neai-l}' coinoides with what Ave may call the headwaters of the Kliiniath 

 River, the main course of which lies in Northern California. Its limits 

 are outlined in a general manner in the first paragraph of the treaty con- 

 cluded between the Federal Government and the Indians, dated October 

 14, 18G4, which runs as follows: "The Indians cede all the country included 

 between the water-shed of the Cascade Mountains to the mountains dividing 

 Pit and McCloud Rivers from the waters on the north; thence along this 

 water-shed eastwards to the southern end of Goose Lake; thence northeast 

 to the southern end of Harney Lake;* thence due north to the forty-fourth 

 degree of latitude; thence west along this same degree to Cascade Range." 

 It must be remarked that the homes and hunting-grounds of two "bands" 

 of the Snake Indians were included within these limits, for these people 

 were also made participants to the treaty. 



Here, as with all other Indian tribes, the territory claimed must be 

 divided into two parts, the districts inclosing their habitual dwelling-places 

 and those embodying their hunting and fishing grounds, the latter being 

 of course much larger than the former and inclosing them. The habitual 

 haunts and dwelling-places of the tribes were on the two Klamath Lakes, 

 on Klamath Marsh, on Tule Lake, and on Lost River. Some of these 

 localities are inclosed within the Klamath Reservation, of which we will 

 speak below. 



The Cascade Range is a high mountain ridge following a general 

 direction from north to south, with some deflections of its main axis. The 

 line of perpetual snow is at least 10,000 feet above the sea-level, and the 

 altitude of the highest peaks about 12,000 to 14,000 feet. On the west side 

 the sloping is more gradual than on the east side, where abrupt precipices 

 and steep slopes border the Klamath highlands and the valley of Des 

 Chutes River. The range is the result of upheaval and enormous volcanic 



* Harney Fjakc; is tlie westeru portion of Malheur Lake, and now united with it 

 into a single sheet of water. 



