Ixx ETHNOGEAPHIC SKETCU. 



that these explorations were the starting'-point of all further researches upon 

 the Pacific coast, and as such they are creditable to the men with whom 

 and the epoch at which they originated. 



The tojiograpliic map of the Klamath headwaters is now being pre- 

 pared by the U. S. Geological Survey. It is laid out upon a scale of 1 to 

 250,000, with contour intervals of 200 feet, the rivers and water sheets in 

 blue. The sheets are named as follows : Aslilind, Klamath,* Shasta, 

 Modoc Lava Bed, Alturas — the last three belonging to California. The 

 surveys were made from 1883 to 1887 by Henry Gannett, chief geographer, 

 A. H. Thompson, geographer in charge ; triangulation by the George M. 

 Wheeler survey, by Mark B. Kerr ; and topography, by Eugene Ricksecker 

 and partly by JIark B. Kerr. 



THE MODOC WAR OF 1872-1873. 



The well-known maxim, " it is cheaper to feed the Indians than to 

 fight them," has forced itself upon the governments of all American coun- 

 tries in such indelible characters that it has become a rule for them to con- 

 clude treaties with the diff"erent " nations" to keep them at peace, feed them 

 by rations or annuities, and confine them within the limits of certain terri- 

 tories. The treaty of 1864 was not attended by all the favorable results 

 expected. The Snake Indians ran off from the Reservation during April, 

 1866, the Modocs in 1865. The latter tribe were not con)pelled to leave 

 their old domain, now ceded to the United States, till 1869. Moreover, it 

 always takes several years to gather straying Indians upon a reservation 

 after a treaty has become an accomplished fact. The Superintendent of 

 Indian Affairs in Oregon, Mr. Meacham, on December 30, 1869, after a 

 long and excited " talk," succeeded in bringing two hundred and fifty-eight 

 Modocs to Modoc Point, upon the reservation allotted to them. On April 

 26, 1870, the supply of rations was exhausted, and the more obstinate half 

 of the tribe left the Reservation again for the old domain upon Lost River 

 and the lakes, whereas the other half, under Sk(Sntchish, went to Yaneks, 

 on Sprague River, where the Superintendent located them. All Modocs 



• The name for the sheet east of Klamath has not yet been determined. 



