TRADITIONS, ETC. 15 



escaped on borscback to Yrcka, which is over eighty miles distant, to tell of the dis- 

 aster. The general indignation aroused by his recital prompted Capt. Ben. Wright to 

 organize a force of fifty-one volunteers at Yreka into an independent company in the 

 ensuing spring, and to make the tribe atone for the bloody deed. The spot selected 

 by Wright for the council was on the north bank of Lost Eiver, a few hundred yards 

 from the Natural Bridge (Tilhuiintko), and this was also the scene of the massacre. 



Concerning the time of Wright's massacre, Turner differs from our informant 

 about one year.* 



13, 13. For the Modoc wushraush, u'shmush, the Klamath Lake dialect has the 

 original Sahaptin term, miishmush, the primary signification of which is, "lowing liK"> 

 cattle." The Lower Chinook has emusmus, the Kalapuya, ami'tsmus. The Nez PercvV 

 dialect of Sahaptin has mu for ox^ cow, cattle. 



13, 13. shiuki(5stka is the verbal desiderative of shiukia, to kUl for somebody, to 

 batcher for somebody's benefit. 



13,14. tu'm MO'dokni instead of: tii'mi Mo'dokni. This language favors elisions 

 of short and single vowels standing between two consonants pronounced with the same 

 vocal organ. 



13, 16. Ytlmakni is "Northern Oregonian, Northern man", in general. But this 

 informant was, in fact, a Warm Spring Indian from Des Chutes Eiver. 



13, 17 and 18. tidsh hemk^uka means: to discuss an arrangement resulting in 

 good to both parties ; this is, in most cases, equivalent to "conclude peace". 



14, 4. shtalalashtak is a contraction of shtalAlasht tak, both particles tak being 

 correlative to each other, and referring here to the ftitirre. — shtalalasht is verbal con- 

 ditional of stalt'ila, to fin, derived from st^ni,/«?/, through assimilation of consonants: 

 shtaMla for stanala. 



14, C. i-^l;^a, tlistributive form of the verb il;fa, 61;fa : every one had unstrung and 

 laid down his own bow. 



14, 7. The lifting-up of ashes from the council-fire by Wright was the signal for 

 the soldiers to fire at the forty-six Modocs. Forty-one were killed on the spot. 



14, 9. kshita not in use among the Klamath Lakes. 



* Captain Wright was shortly afterward killed by the bullet of an Indian, who saw him standing 

 under the door of his house, near the outlet of Rogue River, Oregon. 



