76 MANNERS AND (JISTO.MS. 



NOTKH. 



This text intends to give a sketch of the various occupations of the uortheru tribe 

 or 15-ukshikni in every month of the year, and is partially worded in a form which 

 may be called dramatic. These statements are not always arranged iu logical order, 

 but a profusion of ethnologic details gives intrinsic value to them. 



The months of the Mi'iklaks year do not coincide with the months of our calendar, 

 for they extend from one new moon to the next one, and therefore should be more 

 properly called moons or lunations. Twelve and a half of them make up the year, and 

 they are counted on the fingers of both hands. The first moon of their year begins 

 on the first new moon after their return from the wokash-harvcst at Klamath Marsh, 

 which is the time when all the provisions and needful articles have been gathered in 

 for the winter. Work is then stopi)ed and the communal dances begin, the doctor- 

 dances as well as those conducted by the chiefs, and everybody participates in them 

 excei)t those who are out hunting in the mountains during the latter part of the year. 

 This mode of counting the moons on the digits was once popular, but on account of its 

 imperfections it is now forgotten by the majority of the tribe. Instead of it they reckon 

 time by the seasons in whicli natural products are harvested, as: udsaksii'mi, "m the 

 big sucker time"; i-umii'mi, "iu the berry season", or they use our calendar mouths. 



The first moon mentioned in our text, g^ptche, answers generally to our May. 

 The two next moons are counted on the thumb and forefinger of tlic liand not used 

 immediately before; with this last moon their year has come to an end. The next 

 five moons are counted again on the digits of the first hand, and so forth. The half 

 moon making up their full year is not accounted for in this text. 



74, 2. Ktai=Tupakshi is a locality of renown in the folklore of the Klamath tribe. 

 It lies near the confluence of Sprague and Williamson Eivers, on the property of an 

 Indian named Tchelo;^ins. The otilks is the fish dam (from utila), where the Indians 

 wade in the water with their dip-nets and catch the fish while it ascends the river iu 

 springtime in enormous quantities. This fish-dam does not reach the water's surface. 



74, 2. The direct object of liiela is k;ii)to, its subject maklaks ho'ank. 



74, 3. kiimalsh paha means: they dry the fish which they have just caught by 

 exjwsing it to the sun on limbs of trees, and, then make kamalsh by pounding it. 

 Kftmalsh is a derivative from giima, to pound. 



74, 3. k6-i;/aga is identical with giiikaka; derived from kiii, "away, far off" ; gui- 

 ;fAtchka is: to start out annually to the imiiries where roots etc. are harvested. 



74, 5. sak4 a po'ks : they eat sometimes the camass raw, but only at the time when 

 digging it. Bulbs, roots, pods, chrysalids and berries are gathered by women only. 



74, G. palu'i at p. ; this is equivalent to pahAtko po'ks iwidshat. They bake the 

 camass and i)ut it in their caches at tlie place where they intend to stay next winter. 



74, 8. shnikanua. During the time when a pause is made in the gathering process, 

 the ('oiijurer carefully watches the ripening of the i)ods not yet harvested and arjanges 

 public dances. When the sun has done its work, he solemnly announces it to the 

 women, and tuey go to work again iu their canoes. 



74, 1). shiulina. From the preceding we should expect shiulinat, lulinat. 



74, 10. willislilk is the generic term for larger kinds of provision-sacks; it means 

 here a sack of fifty pounds seed or grain, while the wd;foks holds hundred pounds. In 

 pdla8ham-w4;fOksh, however, the latter word is taken in its generic sense of sack, bag. 



