86 MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. 



NOTES. 



Cremating the dead is a practice which was abolished by the chiefs on the terri- 

 tory of the reservation in or about 1808. ^Vt the Indian graveyard north of the Wil- 

 liamson lliver a hill of 12 feet altitude, where the corjjses of Indians of the Klamath 

 Lake (not ISIodoc) cliieftaincy were burnt, is still visible and untouched since then. 

 ^^'ith the exception of the sentence from Skentaniipkasli to itpa, the first ]>aragrai>h 

 refers to the ]»resent as well as to the former mode of funeral, while the second describes 

 the ancient mode of cremation. Cremation pnnaiied also among the Snake and I'aiUta 

 Indians, living in the vicinity of the Maklaks ; cf. Dr. W. T. lloft'man, Pahute Crema- 

 tion ; Cremation among the Digger Indians, in Proceedings of the Am. Philosophical 

 Soc, Philadelphia; vol. XIV, p. 297 sq., 414 sq., (lS7(i). According to Stephen Powers, 

 cremation prevailed among the Pomos of Northern California, west of the Sacramento 

 River, and the Erio, a tribe living at the mouth of Russian River, believe that all 

 ileceased Indians will become grizzly bears if not disposed of in this manner. The 

 Indians inhabiting the shores of Middle and Lower Columbia River placed their dead 

 on i)latforms erected on hills, or into the canoes of which they had been the owners; the 

 Kalapnyas on both sides of the Willamet River buried their dead by inhumation. 



Our notice makes no mention of the mourning ceremony among the Modocs, by 

 which widows had their long hair cut off' at the funeral of their husbands, then drii)ped 

 the resin from the pyre, liquefied by the heat, n])on their bared heads, vowing not to 

 marry again before this ghastly head-cover had worn off by length of time. The 

 IModocs cremated their dead on any d;iy from the first to the fifth day after decease, 

 according to choice. 



85, 1. tutenepui. Here we have again the sacred number five occurring so often 

 in the traditions, myths and customs of the Oregonian tribes. Cf. 70, 1. 3. 82, (i. 88, 4. 



85, 1. Instead of idsha may be used Klamath Lake il;;fa (or ena) lulukshaldshuk, 

 to bring out for cremation. The northern dialect uses vumi cmly in the sense of putting- 

 dried provisions into the ground. A funeral is ilktcha in the JNIodoc dialect. 



85, 2. shutedshna : they remo\(i obstacles upon the road or trail, such as fallen 

 trees or logs ; they clear the passage, kailatat means here the same as tchpinu'tat, 

 85,4. 



85, 2. wawaiha. Another form of the verb waiha is said to exist in the INlodoc 

 dialect : wawaiha ; its distributive form : wawawaiha. 



86, 3. itpano'pkasht is the synizesis of itpanuapkasht. 

 85, (J. Tankni ; the term ma.'atchni is often used instead. 

 85, 7. anko for ankuam kedshlakstat. 



85, 10. pitehash for Klamath Lake pitchkash, " until it has gone out". 



85, 11. Modoc hibena or ipena for the Klamath Lake yepa, yepona: to dig a hole. 



85, 11. newisht. Of this term the original meaning seems to be '• thrown by hand 

 into the air", a manipulation resorted to by some Indians, though not here, with the 

 burnt ashes of the deceased. 



85, 12. Ikappa. These piles of stones e\id('ntly were, as well as the piles erected 

 on the spot of tlie burnt lodge, intended as monuments df the deceased. These cairns 

 are of considerable size, and can be seen in the old ^lodoc country at the present time. 



85, 10. pen hiinkelani etc. Pen introduces the verb vumi', and k'leka is a verb co- 

 ordinate to vumi' : " his children die, right there again they bury them." 



