ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES. 151 



grow so tall in the cold Klamath highlands as ia the CaUforniau and Oregonian valleys 

 adjoining them to the southwest and west, where its height attains sometimes three 

 feet. Cf. Note to 94, 9. 



146, 14. K14na, an aquatic or tule-grass, of which they eat a portion of the young 

 stalk. The term "tule," from Aztec tolin, serves in the West to designate all kinds of 

 rushes, stalks, and grass-like plants growing in the water and wet grounds. By 

 kokgtat are meant the Williamson and the Sprague Eivers. 



147, 1. Kldpa is the name of the eatable bulb or root growing on the pudshak- 

 plant. The pudshak-grass becomes red in the autumn, when dry. 



147, 3. Ktu'ks is the eatable root of a species of the cat-tail plant; tAletat, loca- 

 tive case of tdlish (or tdleshl), straight stem, from t^ltali "forming a straight, unbroken 

 line." The ktu'ks grows in the water, like the wild parsnip (sk4wanks) ; the natives 

 dry the tender roots of the ktu'ks and bake them into a sort of bread. The epithet: 

 "like wokash" probably refers to the taste of this kind of food. 



147, 5. Ku'ktu. This plant attains a length of about 6 inches. 



147, 6. 7. Kdls is the globular bulb of the witchpai water-plant. 



147, 8. Ka's, kii'sh. This plant produces a hard, whitish, farinaceous bulb, which 

 is commonly spoken of as ipo, a Shasti term, and is one of the most important food- 

 articles of the Oregonian Indians. To dig or collect kii'sh : kii'shala, ka'shla. 



147, 9-13. Ko'l, also pronounced ku'l, gCi'l, gul, is a kind of Araha. The root is eaten 

 only when roasted, and is then very nutritious, though spreading an abominable smell. 

 This odor is so penetrating that, as alleged, the grizzly bear will attack nobody who 

 smells after roasted kol; to this we may add the restriction : "if he is not very hungry." 

 John D. Hunter mentions in his "Manners and Customs of Indians," etc. (Phila. 1823, 

 page 370) that the Osages ascribe to the plant washoba-pesba the power of scaring 

 away the black bear. This plant is an annual growth possessing sudorific and cathartic 

 properties. Washobe is the black bear, mitchu the grizzly bear in that Southern 

 Dakota dialect. 



147. 9. hu'mtcha gu'l: "the kol in this condition," viz: in the ripe state. The 

 kol-plant is ripe when the stalk becomes red or reddish. 



147, 10. m^ya. Speaking of many women digging bulbs or roots, st4-ila, sta'-ila is 

 the regular form; its proper signification is: "to fill up" "to fill" (the conical root- 

 basket worn on back, y^ki). 



147, 10. 11. pu'kguishamtat: "to their old roasting place"; pukuishamat might 

 stand instead. The locative sufiix -tat, -at is here appended to a verbal substantive 

 of puka, to roast, standing in the possessive case -am, and -u- is the infix marking past 

 tense. The guttural k has become distended into kg. 



147, 12. e'nt or e'nd for dnat, conditional of (5na. Instead of e'nt, Idshant (for 

 idshnat) may stand in the Klamath Lake dialect. 



147, 14. Lupi' etc. The import of this sentence is: "L'bA ripens in the month 

 when autumn begins." 



148, 1. MA-i is the common reed or tule-grass growing sometimes to the height of 

 8 to 10 feet. The shallow borders of the lakes in the headlands of Klamath River are 

 full of this growth, which is one of the most important economical plants for the 

 Indian. Women manufacture from it mats, dishes, baskets, lodge covers, nets, sacks, 

 bags, and the young stalk yields in its lower part a palatable marrow. 



