TUNES AND SONGS WITHOUT WORDS. 197 



generation, while otbers contain words of the language actually in use but ground down 

 or defaced in such a manner as to make them unintelligible. The variations in which 

 these songs are simg are infinite in number, since they are fancifully produced at the will 

 of the singer. I thought it sufficient to give a few of these variations only, and took 

 care to mark the higher pitch of the voice, a sort of musical arsis, by the accentuation. 

 The majority of them form an accompaniment to the motions made while gambling. 



184; 9-17 were obtained from a young Indian, Frank, living on the Williamson 

 River. Cf. page 91, second Rote. 



194 ; IG. kalena tenA is rendered by : " ye are all dead at once"; which means: all 

 of you have lost in the game. 



194 ; 18-195 ; 4. Playing tunes sung by Modoc and Klamath Lake Indians when 

 sitting at a spelshna or other game, also while musing, travelling or working; given by 

 Jeff. C D. Riddle. The person who deals the sticks in the spelshna-game is the one 

 who sings the tune. 



194 ; 18 and 19. I'O and 131. 22. Melodious tunes snug by Modocs and recently 

 introduced among these Indians. 



195 ; 2. 3. These are among the most frequent tunes hummed while playing the 

 spelshna-game. Like 3 and 4, 1 and 2 are often sung alternately. 



195; 3. 4. These words are made up from the terms by which butterflies are called: 

 walwilegash, yapalpul^ash. 



A. These dance-tunes, 195; 5-9, are in use among the Klamath Lake i^eople and 

 were obtained from Minnie Froben. The first of them sounds almost like 194 ; 4. 5. 

 Little bells are often rung while dances are performed and dance-tunes are sung. 

 Women and girls of the Modoc tribe end their songs with a protracted TO, while the 

 men habitually conclude them with a loud u-o'hu. 



B and D. Obtained from Dave Hill; sung among the Klamath Lake people. 



C. Given by Long John's Ben. They begin with the sound h , like the majority 

 of the Shasti tunes. 



E. All obtained from Jeff. 0. D. Riddle. 



196; 1. Repeated indefinitely, as soon as dancing assumes a quicker measui'e. 

 Compare with it the song of the skunk 162 ; 7, that of the quiver, 163 ; 8, and Notes. 



196; 3. stAvi, full, seems to allude to the formation of a ring for dancing. Cf. st(i 

 hashdmpka 23, 12. and what is said of 196 ; 7. 



196 ; 4. ."). The last gioup in this tune, hoyo winna'-a', serves sometimes as a refrain, 

 sometimes as a stop. 



196 ; 7. Of foreign introduction, as shown by the sound r. Sung in alternation 

 with Stan, stan 196 ; 3 and said to come from Warm Spring Indians. 196 ; 2 sounds 

 very much like: "how do you do, sii'?" 



196; 8. Probably contains the words: k'lekA a hu, "he, she is dead"; kelayd-a 

 serves as a refrain, sometimes as a stoj). 



196; 9. The day before the funeral of Pukish, mentioned in Doctor John's trial, 1 

 heard his aged mother sing this tune. Other mourners in the funeral tent sang what 

 is contained in 196 ; 8. 10. 



196 ; 10. Funeral tune heard from Snake Indians at YAneks, on Klamath reserva- 

 tion. They join hands and sing this melancholy tune for hours ; the higher the deceased 

 stood in his tribe, the longer lasts the wailing. 



