208 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LAN(^tUAGE. 



The genesis and mutual relations of the vowels are set forth in the 

 following table: 



a a i 1 u u 



a a it u H 



e e a ui:=u 



o o 



oizzo 



DIPHTHONGS. 



The vowels i and n placed before or after a vowel and pronounced in 

 one and the same effort of the vocal organs, form diphthongs. In a true 

 diphthong the position of the organ necessarily changes when passing from 

 one component to the other, and Avhen it stands at the commencement or 

 in the midst of a word, the i- and u- component assumes the consonantic 

 nature of y and w. The word-accent may rest either on the first or second 

 vocalic component, and when the two are pronounced separately the com- 

 bination changes from a true to an adulterine diphthong. 



Thus, Khimath possesses a series of diphthongs which can be uttei-ed 

 ill two different wavs: 



(a) as dissyllables or aduherine diphthongs, with hiatus intervening. 

 This pronunciation bears an archaic type and can be best observed in the 

 Spanish language. Ex. : spa-utish poison 



(h) as monosyllables or true diplithoiigs. Ex.: spaiitish. 



In a limited number of terms diphtliongs always remain adulterine, 

 and sometimes insert even an h between the two components: kne-udshi 

 outside bark of tree; shana-iili, shana-oli, and shan^holi to desire; muimiiya 

 and muhimuya to shiver. A few other terms are constantly pronounced 

 with the genuine or tiue diphthong, as stainaksh heel, while the large 

 majority may be j)roiinnnced in both ways: kta-i, ktai stone, kii-idshi, 

 kuidshi mischievous. Tlie simiile hyphen, e-i, a.-u, etc., was used instead of 

 the usual mark of dia-resis (ei, aii) to mark the hiatus in adulterine diph- 

 thongs. In some grammatic forms of the language the two parts of a diph- 

 thong become separated from each other, a fact which will lie observed 

 especially in the study of distributive rednplication. 



