210 GUAMMAli OF THE KLAMATH LANGUA'iE. 



are uttered with ditficulty, the hitter eispeciiill y, l)y strangers, aiul when first 

 heard, seem to proceed fiom the lower throat. A short stop of the voice 

 always follows them, and "they usually stand before vowels or the "Urvo- 

 cal" e. Modocs use them more frequentl}- and pronounce them, like the 

 Warm Spring Indians on Des Chutes River, more forcibly than Klamath 

 Lake Indians. These sounds may be called just as well palatalized gut- 

 turals. 



Nasalized mutes ; see Semivowels. 



Of mute palatals there ai-e two only, tch (Eng. and Span, ch) and its 

 sonant, dsh (Eug. j). They alternate in every instance with ts and ds. In 

 some terms they have originated from s, sh, and at times alternate with 

 these spirant seunds. 



SEMIVOWELS. 



The semivowels, breaths, or consonants of duration are, but for a few 

 exceptions, identical to those found in English. While the trills are repre- 

 sented by one sound only, the nasal series is fully developed. 



Spirants. Nasals and nasalized Tiills. 



mutes. 



Guttui'als h ng, nk, u^ 



Palatals y udsb, ntcli 



Liiiguals sh nk 1 



Dentals s, z n, iid, nt 



Labials v, w in, mb, mp 



Among the spirants the laryngeal class is represented by h, which is 

 often pronounced with great emphasis, like hh. Scientific alphabets, like 

 the one used bj^ me, employ no silent letters, and hence I have placed an 

 aposti'ophe before each li, when closing a syllable, to remind readers that 

 it has to be sounded. V often passes by alternation into the consonautic 

 w (in wire) and the more vocalic w (in tvafer, ivall); it sounds like our v, 

 but has evidently a different origin, for Klamath Indians pronounce David 

 as Di'bid, and v is found only in the combination vu Y is used by me 

 as a consonant only; zh, the sonant of sh, does not occur. Ts and ds, 

 whicii are compound sounds, may be classified with the dentals. 



