222 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



KNGLISH TERMS OBTAINED DIRECTLY FROM AMERICANS. 



a'plgsh, a'piils, poss. a'pulsham apple, bi 6ee, bl'sam wax beeswax. 

 box, iustr. b6xtka box, coffin. Debid, E. David. Do'tchman, Mod. Dotch- 

 nial, German; from vuloar E. "Dutchman". Dshiep, nom. pr., Jefferson; 

 E.Jeff. hii'iikCrtchip, instr. Iiankgrchipdtka 87, 14., hanclkercJdef; cf. kitch- 

 kam. huit tvheat, grain, cereals; E. wheat, y auksmiin jjhi/.fician; a hybrid 

 term. k4pa eirp, teacup, saucer, dim kap^g-a; E. cup. kitti domestic cat; E. 

 kitten, kitty; Mod. for pusliish Kl. kuata quarter of a dollar, 25 cents; E. 

 quarter, lakish in liikish shushatish locksmith may be as well the E. lock as 

 the Kl. U'lkish knob on door — doubtful, li'pin, E. ribbon; lilapai is also used. 

 Lanktchan, noni pr., Lo7ig John, our hour (of the day), pi'u.sli, E. heans 

 pipa tobacco pipe; from E. p'lpa, not from Ch. J. lapi'p. ple'k, jjlii'g- ./%, 

 banner; E. flag. Pleidc, nom. pr., Frank. Pot Khimat, nom. pr., Fori 

 Klamath; for Kl. I-ukak. jn'ishish domestic cat, Kl ; E. puss, not from Ch. 

 J. piisspuss. shawel, E. shovel shflba, E. silver, sho'p, sop, E. soap. 

 Spaiiio'lkui Mexican, obtained probably from California, stcgiush, E. 

 sfockinfi ; steg-inshala to knit stockings. slul}), instr. shiipatka, E. soup 

 shuldshash, poss. shuldsham, E. soldier, sliusliap, E. jewsharp. tanapsh, 

 E. turnip, ta-uni, E. town, taiisen, E. thousand, tebul, loc. ttibullat, E. 

 table; not from Ch. J. lata'b. tu=pitch quarter of a dollar; E. "two bits", 

 tchiken, obj. tchikinash, E. chicken. 



It appears from this list that Klamath drops the final r of foreign 

 words, converts f into p, v into b, r into 1, and sonant mutes generally into 

 surd mutes. 



ALTERNATING OF SOUNDS. 



Permutation of sounds of the same phonetic class has been observed 

 to exist in the two classic languages, which belong to the same linguistic 

 family, several centuries ago. It was pl^iinly seen that a connection ex- 

 isted, with mutation of certain sounds, between (>va) and, duo, TtTrape? awA 

 quatuor, ioSr}? and vestis, ixvpo? and socer, and some suspected even affinity 

 with the corresponding terms in the Germanic and Slavic languages. After 

 J. Grimm had formulated his law of sound-shunting, the process of permu- 

 tation became a matter of evidence for the Germanic and Indo-European. 



