PHONOLOGY. 225 



Consonants alternating: 

 k with g, gg : kd-u, ge-ii; kitclikaiii, kitchgdni, gitcligAiii; wakdya, waggaya; 



lutatkdtki, lutatgatki; ke'k, ge'g. 

 k with k: kai'tua, kai'tua; maklaks, makloks. This permutation is usually 



attended with a change in signification. Cf. Pronouns, 

 k with X : hushkalka, huslikfil^a; hishkaliilxa, hish^glul^a. 

 k with X '• kemkem, ;^cnixeni, cf. Dictionary, p. 176 ; IkAn, l^dn. Initial k, 



omitted by aphseresis, is replaced in Modoc by the arrested 



sound: k6ke, -oke. A similar process is observed in some 



Polynesian languages when k is elided, 

 k, g with h, hh: gaikanka, haikanka; takt4-ash, ta'hti,-ash. 

 k with g: ko'l, gu'l; kulu, gulu. 

 k, k witli nk, nk, n^ and other nasals: kila, nki'la, nkfla, n;(illa; k(^wa, 



nk^wa, n;(a'wa; kata, ngata. 

 tch with dsh, when not initial, and with ts, ds: titchi, tidshi, tidsi; tchd- 



shish, tsAsis; nutch (for nu tchui), ni'its. niids; geluantcha, 



geluandsha, ge'luandsa. 

 tch, dsh with sh : ntiiltchna, ntuldshna with ntulshna; tiidshui, tAshui; 



na'dsh, na'gh; willatslina, willashlma. Wdlidsh for wAlish, 



and pawatch for pAwash are considered vulgarisms. Ta- 



pinikAyentch for tapinikay^nash 120, 19. 121, 22 ; kiishga 



tcha for kiishga sha 9", 17. Changes from one dialect to the 



other: skA, Mod. tchgA; shgumla, Mod. tchgiimla; sho'ksh, 



Mod. ts6o'ksh; spAl, Mod. tchpAl. 

 tch with ntch, ndsh: tchc'kani, ndsht'kani; tchdtch, ndshg'dsh; tchishl^a, 



ntcWshl;{a, ndshishlka. 

 ts witli ds, in every instance except when beginning words: kdtsa, k^dsa. 

 t with t', d: tdlish, t'eHsh, dt'lish; e'nt (for enat), e'nd; shataltiltamna, sha- 



taldildamna; tAnkatch, dankatch. 

 t with nt, nd: tiinshna, ntiinshna; ntd-ish from t^wi; t^ga, cf nddga, but 



not nd^wa and tewa ; nd6pa, cf tiipesh. 

 23 with p', b: pAhalka, p'Ahhalka, bahAlka; pupannish, biibanuish. 

 p with mp, mb: pAkuish, mpAkuish, mbakuish. 

 15 



