226 GEAMMAK OF Tiii: KLA.MATU LANUUAGI'L 



J) with 111 : suffix -ptc-lii, -iiitclii, -tciii ; hiiOix -[x-iki, -miui; pronouns p'n^, 



p'nj'ilnin, Kl. in'n;'!, m'luilani 

 p with w : imklkish, w;iklkish. 



s with sh, in firn/ instance : steinns, sht;u'n;ish; str'ks, shtd'ksli; na's, iia'sh. 

 s witli z, chiefly initial : safga, zaif>-a. 



s, sh with ss : sh;iahaplaintcli, sassaplanitcli ; sliisli(Jka, sissuka. 

 Ill with u, before labials: niba-ush, uba-ush. 

 n with u, before a dental or ]»alatal : ndi'ipka, udujika; nduka, vudi'ika, 



uduka; ntchaya, utcha\a. 

 ndsli with ntcli : ndshoka, ntchoka. 



n with t : iiatiia])enapsh for nan'napf'iiapsh: nrtiK'il/isli foi- ii(irn('>l;jisli. 

 1 with n: nti'ilshna, tunshna; kildshna, kintchiia, ki'nslnia, .Mod. kiislnia; 



Itchania'shka, ntchaiua'shka; liesheli('ita, slR-nii'it;! ; tslipal, 



tchni'pal; tchikeniiin, ]\fod. tchfkr'nial ; pni'ukshla, pni'uksna; 



but not tiuncda and tiulola. 

 1 with hi : la-a, hla-a ; laklakli, hlakhlakli. 



A few more of these alternating- processes will be found iiientioiied, 

 with examples, in the Dictionary, jip. 'J-ll. 



As to their frequency^ coiisonantic alternations differ very largely. 8 

 interchanges with sh in every instance, and the permutation of k with other 

 gutturals, especially g, gg, y_, and of tch with ts, ds, dsh is extremely fre- 

 quent. The substitution of k, g for other gutturals, though frequent, is not 

 exactl)- the rule, for these sounds are Unguals while the rest of the k-series 

 are pure gutturals. About the difference in signification produced by this 

 change, cf. Pronouns. II becomes frequently disconnected phonetically 

 from vowels or consonants preceding it, by the arrested sound -, and when 

 pronounce<l with emphasis, undergoes gemination: -hli ; cf hlilantana, 

 sha-hm6ka, kai'ha (uid kai'ldia. 8 and ts are heard much oftener than sh, 

 tell in the conversational form of language, and before % the assibilated sh 

 scarcely e\ er occurs : s/eiia to row, hutamsp^a to rush between. Words with 

 initial t and p that can j)ass into d and b, may also change these initials 

 into (ixplosixc sounds: p", 1-. The whole series of consonants tlii'ough 

 which a term as tchi'ilamna can j)ass is: tch, ts, I'sli; a word like patadsha 



