228 GEAMMAK OF Till': KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



energetic in this ujjland languiige tlum that lor tlic increase of sounds, and 

 thus the chapters on elisions and coiitriictions will })0 more extended than 

 that on phonetic additions. 



I have classed the phonetic fiyiires into the l'()lk(\viiio- distinct groups: 



A. — Addition of phonetic elements other than affixes, to the word. 



1. Prothesis, or the addition ot" vo^^ els or consonants at the commencement 



of the word : v in vuhnpiega, vudiika, etc., for u-upi^ga, udiika ; 

 Sking Dshu'dsh, Mod. for King Dshii'dsh. Yfkashla for ikashla 

 may be considered simply as alternation of soiiiid. 



2. Epithesis, or the addition of vowels or eonsdiiants at the end of the term: 



ta-nni, from English town. 



3. Epenthesis, or the insertion of vowels or consonants in the midst of a 



word. Some of the inflection;il affixes are epenthetic, and will be 

 considered under the heading of affixes. The insertion of n in 

 tuiinkshi for tuakshi, kailantala for kailatala, tia'mantko (a verb 

 tia'mna does not exist) for tiii'matko had better be considered 

 a nasalizing than an epenthetic process. Epenthetic v is ob- 

 served in leviita for le-iita, I'lita. Epenthetic h has to Ije care- 

 fully distinguished iVdUi the -h- of the verbal snffix -ha, as in 

 skulha to lie on something, compai'ed to sknl;;^a to lie, to sleep, 

 and from the 'li which indicates an act done hy hand (see below). 

 We find the e])enthetic li in : 



tsials'hii'mi in the sulmon season, for tsialsii'mi, tsialse'mi. 



gAhipa to eateh air with a fjrunt, for ga-ipa. 



shawalhinii'a to accompany somebody, for shawalina'a. 



inuliimuva to shiver, tremble, for muimuya. 



4. Nasalizing or nasal pronunciation takes place in regard to certain con- 



sonants only, when initial or, medial. Nasalization of vowels in 

 the manner as observed in French and Dakota does not belong 

 to the features of the Klamath language. The deep pronuncia- 

 tion of fv, i, li has nothing to do with nasalizing. The gutturals 

 g, k, k, y^ are thereby transformed into ng, nk, nk, n%; the dentals 

 d, t into nd, nt; the palatals dsh, tch into ndsh, ntch; the labials 



