PHONOLOGY. 243 



Instances of enclisis of various descriptions are as follows: 



shneksluapka m'sli ni / tvill remove you from your position. 



tumi huk liatokt maklaks gi many persons are there. 



iinaka tclikash m'na slitilta he also informed his son. 



p411ank misli robbing thee: vussok sas afraid of them. 



wew(iga pil tchishi the children only were in the lodge. 



ka'ktsnasli; liiluagslash they fled; they enslaved (-sh for sha they). 



pi tchish he also ; ndn%atch some also, 16,7. 



K'muk-amtch the Old Man of the Ancients;. Shu'k-amtch Old Crane. 



ka'kak=tkani a little yelloiv, yelloivish. 



A term may become accented on two syllables, as in Greek, by en- 

 clisis; the first being the natural accent, the second the accent thrown upon 

 the word by the existence of the enclitic term: tu'tenipni' sha, 111, 2; 

 shdhiashtal4 m'na, 112, 13. 



QUANTITY. 



The language clearly distinguishes between long and short syllables or 

 vowels. Two stages may be distinguished in short syllables: very short and 

 short; two also in long ones: long and very long. The usual sign of 

 brevity, -, and of length, ~, was added to the vowels only when they were 

 uttered very short or very long Thus monosyllabic nouns ending in a 

 vowel pronounce this vowel very short in KL: kma' skullcap, tmu', mhu' 

 grouse, Iba' seed species, kpe'l tail, kpa' poker, ska' pestle, ska' to blow cold or 

 strong; and also in ya'ki seed-basket, kti'itsia duck species, ndshe'dsh shell, 

 pod, ga't sage brush. Many of these are pronounced longer by Modocs. 

 The vowel is still short, though longer than in the terms above, in l%ash 

 billow, shim to shoot, niish head. As to long sjdlables, a diflPerence may 

 be observed between mdntch long ago, miini great, large (radix long in both 

 terms), and their emphatic pronunciation: ma'ntch quite long ago, mu'ni, 

 mu-iini very large, enormous. A difference exists also between tank, tiinkni, 

 and ta'nk, ta'nkni, and between washla and wa'shla. Cf Homonymy. The 

 quantity of words is often added in parenthesis: yutetampka (- ~- ^ ~), 

 tchmviksh (~), ka'mat i-^-). 



Almost any short syllable may be made long when a strong rhetoric 

 emphasis is laid upon it: pa's and pa'sh/oo(?, cf. 101, 20; ga'ma and ga'ma 



