250 GKAMMAE OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



capacities: as roots of predicative signification, and as roots of relation 

 forming affixes. This is true, for instance, of i, hi on the ground, in ita to 

 put on, i\x^ to lay down into; of u, hu he, sJie, it and above, far, in huta to 

 run at, hiiwa to jump up in the water, liya to give a long object. 



2. ORIGIN AND CLASSIFICATION OF ROOTS. 



Although we are precluded from unraveling the origin of the majority 

 of radices it is preposterous in our present state of linguistic knowledge 

 to derive all the radicals of a language from ononiatopoetic attempts to 

 imitate the sounds and noises heard in outdoor life, like the note of birds, 

 the rustling or blowing of the wind, or the roll of thunder. To ascribe a 

 pronominal origin to all the roots which do not represent, or do not seem 

 to represent, natural sounds has been a favorite theor}- of some scientists 

 who have studied languages of the so-called savages. As to the Klamath 

 language, the most appropriate classification of roots will distinguish four 

 sources for their possible origin : ononiatopoetic, interjectional, pronominal, 

 predicative. 



RADICES OF ONOMATOPOETIC ORIGIN. 



They have formed a large number of bird names, a few names of 

 other animals and objects of nature. They also occur in verbs denoting 

 sounds and disturbances. 



Birds: aliA-ash, Mk, tuktukuash, tuakash or wjikash, o'lash, takAga, 

 ud^kash. 



Other objects: heihai, mbaubAwash, bdmbam, tfntan, cf udintgna. 



Verbs: ka-ukdwa, kiishkusha, tushtusha, todshito'dshi, udi'ntgna. 



RADICES OF INTERJECTIONAL ORIGIN. 



a'-oho, i-uhu, a-ohiitchna, i-uhdash ; ha', ha' ma ; kapkablantaks, 

 k^mkem, kapkapagink l! 



- RADICES OF PRONOMINAL ORIGIN. 



Pronominal roots originally indicate location in space, proximity, dis- 

 tance or motion in space and subsequently in time, then relative location, 

 and, finally, relation in general. They appear, tlierefore, as well in pre- 



