260 GKAMMAK OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



A. — ITERATIVE REDUPLICATION. 



In Klanuitli iterative reduplication redoubles the entire radical syllable 

 without any consonantic alterations, and serves in forming from simple or 

 tiieraatic roots various sorts of derivative terms, as onomatopoetic, iterative, 

 and frequentative verbs and substantives, also adjectives descriptive of exte- 

 rior form, surface-quality, color, intensity. 



This sort of reduplication differs from the distributive (a) by being 

 derivational and not inflectional ; {b) by duplicating the radix in its totality 

 and not partially ; (c) by duplicating always the radix and not the first 

 syllable only, although the radix may become reduplicated with its prefix, 

 when this prefix consists of a vowel or single consonant only. No word 

 reduplicates more than two of its initial syllables ; words which do so 

 usually begin with the initials k, 1, n, t, and u (or vu, w), and some contain 

 an adulterine diphthong : te-ukte-uksh, kaukauli. 



Western languages offer sundry parallels to this sort of reduplication. 

 It prevails in the adjectives of color in Porno, Cal., in Olamentke and Chi'i- 

 m6to, dialects of Mutsun, Cal., in Cayuse and several Oregonian languages. 

 When applied to coloi-, surface-quality, exterior shape, etc , this mode of 

 synthesis is evidently equivalent to: "red here and red there," "prickly 

 here and prickly there, and prickly all over." 



Examples of derivatives formed in this manner could be gathered in 

 large numbers and from every language spoken by the Indians of the Union. 

 We confine ourselves to the mention of a few terms of the Tonto dialect, 

 Yuma family (Arizona), most of which show a dissyllabic radix or base: 

 toltol guitar, toltolia flute tibitivi ^wegnant 



solsoli to scratch midimidi straigUways 



ogi-ogi to yawn dubbidubbi button 



topitope circle, circuit yudiyudi blanket 



wiliwiHva pulse yudiediedui checkered 



In Klamath several terms are met with which are compounded from 

 two words, word-stems, or roots, and of which only the second is undergoing 

 iterative reduplication. The first component is very freqvently a prefix, as 

 sh-, U-, etc., and vocalic dissimilation is often observed here This class of 



