262 GllAMMAE OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



3. Adjectives of color. The original color adjectives terminating in -li are, 



for the largest part, formed by the reduplication of a radix termi- 

 nating in a consonant (an exception is ka-ukA-uli, Mod. ke-uke-uli 

 hrown). Thus we have kiikil'kli (for kak-ka'kli) green, yellow, 

 puslipushli black, metsmetsli sky-blue, purple. 



4. Adjectives descriptive of surface-quality, with their adverbs: 



kitchkitchli rough to the touch, from kdtcha a little. 

 lAklakli, hlakhlakli smooth, polished, even. 

 putpiitli of level but coarse surface; adv. putput. 

 tatatli (for tdt-tatli) flat, level, planed off. 



5. Adjectives describing external shape, form: 



kdlkali spherical, circular, cylindric. 



mukmukli downy ; cf miikash down, plume. 



wakwAkli conical, high-pointed; cf wakalwak41sh, w^kwak 



witch witchli rigid, stiff. 



B. DISTRIBUTIVE REDUPLICATION. 



Characteristics and function. 



The phonetic characteristics of the distributive reduplication are the 

 following : 



It redoubles the first or the two first syllables of a term. The vowel 

 and all the sounds preceding it become reduplicated, but the reduplication 

 does not extend beyond the vowel. In monosyllabic distributive redupli- 

 cation the initial syllable only is redoubled, whether it represents or includes 

 a prefix or not. In regular monosyllabic duplication the vowel of the sec- 

 ond syllable is a, if the vowel of the initial syllable is a short one. 



This grammatic form pervades all parts of the language, for it exists 

 not in nouns and verbs only, but also in a large number of particles. Sub- 

 stantives not possessing this form are either collective terms or are prevented 

 by jjhonetic laws from duplicating. This feature, so characteristic of the 

 language of which we treat, expi'esses the idea of severalty or distribution, 

 and not primarily that of plurality or collectivity; this accounts for its exist- 

 ence in all the abstract nouns. Wherever this form is indicating plurality 



