EEDUPLIOATION. 263 



it does so only because the idea of severalty happens to coincide with that 

 of plurality in the peculiar instances which will be specialized below. 



Thus ndp means hands as well as hand, the hand, a hand, but its distrib- 

 utive form n^nap means each of the two hands or tlie hands of each person 

 when considered as a separate individual. Ktcho'l signifies star, the star, a 

 star, the stars, constellation or constellations, but d. ktchoktchol means each 

 star or every star or constellation considered separately. Shenolakuish is 

 engagement, compact, or compacts in general, d. sheshn61akuish the compacts 

 made ivith each party. Ktekna means to cut a hole into one object and to cut 

 holes into many articles by one cut or turn of the instrument; d. ktektakna points 

 to cutting holes into different or separate objects by cuts repeated at different times 

 or for every object separately. Padsha i: you became blind of one eye ; d. papa- 

 dsha i: you are totally blind, you lost the use of each of your eyes. Lutatka 

 means to interpret one sentence or to serve as interpreter at one council or sitting ; 

 but d. lultatka to interpret repeatedly at councils or interviews, to serve as a 

 regular interpreter. This also applies to the nomen verbale: lutatkish, d. hilta- 

 tkish. A regular interpreter, lultatkish, can be spoken of as hitatkish also, 

 when lie is referred to as having interpreted just at a certain day, or some 

 special meeting. The sentence: kani ge-u watch palla*? means either who 

 stole my horse f or who stole my horses f and when used in the latter accepta- 

 tion would iniply that they were all stolen at once by one person ; but kani 

 g(i-u watch papalla? implies that some person stole my horses severally or 

 that thefts had been committed on single horses at different times, or that 

 the one and single horse which I possess was repeatedl}' abstracted. She- 

 ktiikta is to cut in two, d. sheshaktdkta to cut the two pieces in two again, or 

 into smaller portions. 



Inflectional reduplication. 



• 



In order to give a full illustration of that kind of reduplication which 

 serves for inflectional and not for derivational purposes we mention a few 

 instances from other American languages. Phonetically they are parallel 

 to the distributive form observed in Klamath, for the radical does not re- 

 double beyond its vowel, but the grammars of these languages declare this 

 form to be a plural and not a distributive form, as we have it here. 



