EEDUPLICATION. 265 



ifes' h azgam I look at all (of them) at once, ifes' az'azgam I look at each 

 (of them) separately. 



That Selish dialect is able to reduplicate its nouns and verbs in two 

 different ways, thereby conveying different meanings.* 



Similar forms appear in dialects of the Dakota family. In Omaha 

 s4b6 is black, said of an object near by and seen distinctly, sh4be of a dis- 

 tant object; sasabe, shashabe when the black objects differ among themselves 

 in size or other qualities; so also dshide: dshidshide red, dshinga: dshi''dshii3ga 

 small, little, g(fezd striped, g(j;ezdza striped here and there or all over, gcfezhe 

 spotted, g^ehaha spotted all over. 



There are examples of another sort of reduplication observed in the 

 languages of North America, that of duplicating the last syllable of the 

 word or its basis, either in part or in its whole length. In this manner are 

 made distributive forms of the adjectives in the various dialects of the Sahap- 

 tin and Maskoki families. As this feature does not occur in the Klamath 

 language, a simple mention of it will suffice. 



Judging from the facts enumerated, it becomes quite probable that 

 inflectional radical reduplication is in many other languages of the West a 

 mark to indicate distribution or severalty, not plurality. Closer investiga- 

 tion alone can give an ultimate decision concerning this obscure point in 

 Indian linguistics. 



'»' 



Terms with twofold reduplication. 



A closer study of the reduplicative process in Klamath reveals the fact 

 that several terms, especially verbs, can reduplicate in a twofold manner. 

 They have to be divided in two classes; the first embracing the terms of 

 which the reduplicated forms are identical in their origin, and phonetically 

 reducible upon each other; the second class embodying the terms of which 

 the reduplicated forms differ in their function and point to a different pho- 

 netic origin. 



*Mengarini, Gramm. p. 84 : Unica res pliiribns pertinens, rednplicatnr tantnm vocalis snbstantivi, 

 uon aliter ac in tertia persona iilarali verbonim dictum est. Vel agitur de rebus pluribus ad singulos 

 pertinentibus, tunctantuui radix etiam uominis duplical>itiir juxtauaturam substantivorum in plurali. 



