REDUPLICATION. 269 



manifested by its forms, necessitates a careful and minute classification into 

 several categories. Terms with prefixes almost invariably belong to the 

 classes No. 1 and No. 2 below. 



MONOSYLLABIC DISTRIBUTIVE REDUPLICATION. 



1. Beduplieation in a. 



The regular and most frequent form of monosyllabic distributive dupli- 

 cation takes place when the vowel of the first syllable is short (or was so 

 originally), and is marked by a short in the second syllable of the redupli- 

 cated form. The vowel of the first syllable, provided it is short, is of no 

 influence; the accent usually remains on the same syllable. In case the 

 vowel is a diphthong, cf Diphthongic reduplication. 



hasht%a to pierce the nose, d. hahasht%a. 

 h^shla to appear, d. liehashla. 

 il^a to lay down, d. i-dl%a, yM;^a. 

 kp6k gooseberry, d. kp6kpak. 

 kiipkash torcJiUght, d. kukapkash. 

 ldigl;^a to kneel doivn, d. Idilddgl^a. 

 nep, ne'p hand, d. n^nap. 

 piinua to drink, d. pupdnua. 

 tiptipli dusky, d titaptipli. 

 tchunua to vomit, d. tchutchanua. 



2. Reduplication with syncope of a,. 



When the short a of the duplicated or second syllable, as described 

 under No. 1 above, remains unaccented, and is left standing between two 

 consonants, it becomes easily elided. No syllabic increase taking place, 

 the accent keeps the place it occupied in the absolute form. 



heahemesh jewsharp, d. heh'sh^mesh, instead of hehashemesh. 



hoyeka to leap, d. h6hie;{a, instead of h6haye%a. 



ktitak truly, d. kdktak, instead of k;ikatak. 



lalugo pine-yum, d. lal'l^go, instead of lalalago. 



mbu'ka to raise dust, d. mbii'mb^a, instead of mbu'mbaxa. 



