EEDUPLICATION. 275 



Reduplication of diphthongic syllables: 

 ulAyue to scatter, d. ula-uliwe. 

 ulawa to spear through a hole, d. vxla-iilhiia. 

 utawa to shake off, d. uta-utua. 



Reduplication with apocope of suffix: 

 ibena to dig, d. ib^pa, hipdpa (for ib^-ipa). 



Distributive forms in -ishap. 



Contrary to the linguistic principle of reduplicating the initial syllable, 

 or part of it, to indicate severalty, a class of nouns comprehending terms of 

 relationship by consanguinity or marriage appends the terminal -ishap. 

 These forms, which in many instances seem to have also the function of 

 plurals, are formed in this manner: To the terminals -ap, -ip, of the absolute 

 form is substituted the uniform ending -ishap. There are even a few terms in 

 -sh, which through the law of analogy have adopted the above ending in 

 the distributive, simply because they belong to the terms of relationship, as 

 pa'ktish brother's child, d. pa'ktishap. 



The suffix -shap is evidently a compound of the nominal ending -sh and 

 the suffix -p; the intervening vowel -a- seems duplicated from -i- in -ishap 

 and altered to -a- by dissimilation. The suffix -p points to intransferable 

 ownership; cf List of Suffixes. 



Instances of these forms are: 

 miilgap brother- and sister-in-latc, d. nuilgishap. 

 pa-Anip elder brother or sister, d. pa-anishap. 

 p'ki'shap mother, d. p'kishishap. 

 pkulip grandmother etc , d. pkulishap. 

 plugship grandfather and grandchild, d. plugshishap. 

 pshaship stepmother, stepchild, d. pshashishap. 

 t%^-unap elder brother, d. t%e-unishap. 



Other terms possess two distributive forms; one in -ishap, the other 

 being formed in the regular manner: 



makokap aunt, niece etc., d. makokishap, mamkokap. 

 pt^wip grandmother etc., d. pt^wishap, pteptdwip. 



