27() GltAMMAK OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



pi\»\niY> father, d. pti'sliishap, ptipttisliap. 



ptcliii'kap hrother-in-law etc., d. ptch6ptchashap, ptchiiptchkap, and 

 others, like 2)tutap, etc. Ptclioptcliashap is the result of a combi- 

 nation of both forms of reduplication. 



The ending -ni is another instance where the language reduplicates the 

 end and not the initial parts of a term to form distributive reduplication, as 

 in nepnini, yanakaiiini. Cf. Suffix -ni. 



Nomina verbalia formed by distributive reduplication. 



By appending -ish to the stem or basis of a verb generally of the tran- 

 sitive voice, verbal nouns are formed indicative of animate beings, persons, 

 animals, or personified things performing the action enunciated in the verb. 

 When -uish is appended, the substantive noun thus formed indicates that 

 the subject in question has been performing the action in time past. The 

 forms in -ish and in -uish may undergo the process of distributive redupli- 

 cation, like the verb itself, and then indicate an animate being that is or 

 was performing the action at different times or occasions repeatedly, habit- 

 ually, or graduall}'. A few intransitive verbs like tdmgnu form similar 

 derivatives, but with transitive verbs this feature is much more common. 



Examples: 



lut^tkish one who interprets or expounds. 



lutatkuish former interpreter^ one who was expounding. 



lultatkish habitual interpreter or expounder. 



lultatkuish former habitual interpreter or one who employed himself regu- 

 larly in expounding. 



tAmnuish one traveling (here -u- belongs to the verb itself). 



tatdnmuisli constant, habitual traveler ; tramp; kaila=tatAmnuish mole, lit. 

 '■^walker in the ground." 



Many nouns of this class, called nomina agcntis, or "performer's nouns," 

 are found to occur in the absolute form, as shnantatchlxish trapper; but 

 tliey are used more frequently in the distributive form, and then should be 



