278 GRAMMER OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



ANATHESIS. 



Another change affecting the vocalic element of the radix in verbs and 

 their nominal derivations occurs when the verbs pass over into their reilect- 

 ive and reciprocal forms, and it may be sometimes observed also in their 

 causative and medial derivatives. These forms are produced by prefixing 

 either s-, sh-, shn-, the medial prefix, or h-s-, h-sh-, Ji-shn-, which is the 

 medial prefix increased by the pronominal demonstrative particle hu abbre- 

 viated to h-, and pointing to an object in close vicinity or contiguity. 



The process of vocalic anathesis consists in the following: Whenever 

 a verb forms derivatives by means of the above compound prefix h-sh-, these 

 derivatives are vocalized like the distributive form of that verb; the first 

 syllable assumes the vocalic sound of the radix (diphthongs have their own 

 rules), the radical syllable assumes the vocalic sound of the second syllable 

 of the verb's distributive form. Many derivatives formed simply by the 

 medial prefix s-, sh-, shn- do not show this anathesis, but merely exhibit 

 the vocalization of the simple verb, as sh.'ilgia from lakia, spitcha from 

 pitcha, shtalaka from talaka, shtchu/atko from tchiika. 



I. — Anathesis in terms formed by the medial prefix s-, sh-, shn- : 



kek'wi to stop, d. kekelui, cans, shnt^kelui to remove from position. 



kilua to he angrij, d. ki'kalua, cans, shnikalua to irritate. 



ksliii'il^a to dance, d. kshikshiilxa, cans. shnikshul;^a to make dance. 



kc'lpka to he hot, d. kekalpka, caus. shnek.ilpka to heat. 



koka to bite, d. kokoka, refl. shuk6ka to bite oneself. 



ndshama-a to took on, d. ndshandshama-a, caus. shnandsh(a)ma-a to 



amuse by tricks, lit.: "to cause to look on." 

 nge'sha to shoot arrows, d. ngenge'sha, refl. shenge'sha. 

 pniwa to blow, d. pni'pnu, refl. shlpnu to he full of air, cf. shipnush. 

 ptchikap sister-in-latv, d. ptchik'shap, refl. shiptch^alaltko related as 



brother-in-law or sister-in-latv. 

 t(^dsha to ivash, d. tetadsha, refl. shetatcha to ivash one^s head. 

 tupakship younger sister, d. tiitpakship, refl. shutpaksaltko related as 



brother and sister. 



