ROOT WITU AFFIXES. 281 



to deposit, to lay down. The compound pi-efix shl-, si- referring to garments 

 or other flexible articles for personal use, and the derivation-suffix -tchna 

 (here inverted as tchan ) pointing to an act performed while marching, 

 moving, are joined to shh'lxn, and make shlel/tchna of it. To this is added 

 -ula, the completive suffix, which can be fitly rendered here by "altogether", 

 and the participial suffix of the passive -tko, so that the whole term, for 

 accurate rendering, necessitates a circumscriptive phrase like the following: 

 dropped and left behind altogether something ganaent-like ivliile ivallcing. 



Talualp^ank lying on ground face turned upivurd. Radix ta-, thematic root 

 tal -, occurring with change of vowel in tt'lish face, te'lshna (for telishna) to 

 behold; basis talu-, u meaning upward; -alpja, compound word-formative 

 suffix of a factitive nature (-ka); -ank, inflectional termination of the parti- 

 ciple, usually referring to the present tense. 



In the examples given the affixes pointing to round articles, sheet-like 

 objects, distance, and downward direction are of the material order; all 

 others I call relational affixes. The perusal of tlie words in the Dictionary 

 aff'ords the best method of distino^uishino^ the two. 



An affix is called a prefix when placed before the radical syllable, an 

 infix when inserted into it, and a suffix when appended to it. Affixes fulfill 

 two purposes of grammar: that of inflection, nominal and verbal; that of 

 derivation or formation of derivative words. Not always can a strict line 

 be drawn between these two processes of forming the units of speech, and 

 in Klamath there are affixes which are in use in both categories. Some 

 pronominal roots figure at times as prefixes, at other times as suffixes, as 

 hi (i), hu (u), ma, p, and others, while nominal affixes like -tana are verbal 

 affixes also, a fact which is partly due to the imperfect distinction between 

 verb and noun. 



But a thorough distinction between the prefixes and the suffixes of this 

 language lies in the circumstance that the former are used for derivation 

 only, while the suffixes possess either derivational or inflectional functions, 

 or both simultaneously. I therefore present the affixes of Klamath in two 

 alphabetic lists, that of the x)refixes and that of the suffixes. More facts con- 

 cerning them will be considered under the caption of "Verbal Inflection." 



