282 (JEAMMAlt OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



LIST OF PREFIXES. 



The function of Klamatli prefixes is to form derivatives, not inflectional 

 forms, from radicals. Prefixes are not so numerous as suffixes, nor do they 

 combine into compound prefixes so extensively as suffixes. There is no safe 

 instance on hand where a combination of more than three prefixes occurs. 

 A triple-compound is, e. g., ktcliiutchatchka (o trample upon, said of one sub- 

 ject; it stands for ksliiutchatchka (ksh-, ya-, u-), cf yushtchka to put the 

 foot on something. Another is shu-ishtchaktchka to turn the head for a bite, 

 from hishtchakta to be angnj. The prefix ino-, inu- may be considered as 

 triple also; liut such combinations are rare. Suffixes, however, are found 

 to combine into groups of four or five. 



The remarkable fact is presented by the vocalic prefixes, preceded or 

 not by a consonant, that they often become the radical syllable of the word 

 (verb or noun). Tims in luta to he suspended, said of a round subject only, 

 In- is as well the prefix (not 1- only) as the root. This may be oljserved 

 in words beginning with a-, e-, i-, ksh-, t-, and with other prefixes. 



A large nunil)er of intransitive verbs change their initial syllable or syl- 

 lables to indicate a change in the number of the subject, as hiidshna to hurry, 

 run, speaking of one; tushtclma, speaking of two or three, tinshna of many 

 subjects. The syllables undergoing the change should rather be considered 

 as radical syllables than as prefixes, as may be shown by the analogy of 

 many transitive verbs which undergo similar or still more tliorougli changes 

 when passing from one number to another. 



All the prefixes will be found classified below under the caption "Re- 

 capitulation of the Prefixes." The function of each prefix found in verbs 

 extends also to the nomlna vcrhaUa formed from these verbs. The catearo- 

 ries of grammar which are chiefly indicated by prefixation are the genus 

 verbi; number, form or shape, attitude and mode of motion of the verbal subject 

 or object.' 



a-, verbal and nominal prefix referring to long and tall articles (as 

 poles, sticks), also to persons when considered as objects of elongated shaj^e 



'A short stay in the ludiau Territory, Modoo Reservation, has supplied me with .a new stock of 

 Modoc terms. Many of these have beeu inserted asosamplos in the Grammar/roHi </usj)ajeo iward, and, 

 thongh oU'ained from Modocs, the majority of thuin farm part of the Klamath Lake dialect as well. 



