304 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



have been effected by infixes, all traces of this fact have afterward dis- 

 appeared. In the preterit of Creek verbs an infixed 7* produces a shorten- 

 ing of the radical vowel preceding it. 



Of infixes of the Klamath language we cannot speak as a class of 

 affixes, as we can of its prefixes and suffixes. Thus the -u- appearing in the 

 dual and the -i- of the plural form in the verbs for running, e. g. hudslma 

 to run (one subject), tiishtchna (two to four), tinshna (many subjects), which 

 form the radical vowel, are rather the result of a substitution for each other 

 than of infixation, and may find parallels in the chapter on "Vocalic Alter- 

 ation of the Root," pp. 254-257, and "Epenthesis," p. 228. The only sound 

 which could be regarded at times as an infix in the radix, though it is 

 mostly a prefix or a suffix, is 'h, when it stands for ha by hand, ivith hands 

 or extremities. 



*h, an affix which emphatically refers to the use of one's hands, and 

 gives a peculiar stress to the verbs in which it occurs We find it in: 



ge'hUipka to step on, ascend by using hands; srehipka to tread upon, 



mount. 

 gu'hli to help oneself into; gull to enter, go into. 

 p'hushka to tear off by hand; pushka to cut off with a sharp tool, 

 pul'hka to tear out by hand, and shupA'hlka to tear out from one^s body; 



pulka to tear, pluck out. 

 wa'htakia to disperse, put to flight bv using weapons etc.: watakia to 



scare off, scatter. 



• We may also compare k'hiule^a with kiulfX'i> I'hutkala with lo'tkala, 

 and many other verbs. In muhimiiya to shii^er, h stands infixed in the radix, 

 though not referring to the use of hands. Cf "Dijeresis," p. 216, and "Epen- 

 thesis," p. 228. 



LIST or SUFFIXES. 



In the language of the Mdklaks we observe a large numeric prepon- 

 derance of suffixes over prefixes. Not only is the whole system of verbal 

 and nominal inflection carried on by suffixation, but also in derivation this 

 element is more powerful than prefixation. A combination of more than 



