LIST OF SUFFIXES. 307 



There are some suffixes whicli in fact are verbs of the language closely 

 agglutinated to the basis of the preceding term, and thus form a transition 

 between suffixes, auxiliary verbs, and verbs forming compound verbs: 

 -kakua, -kakiamna, -kedsha, -ttimna, -vi^Jipka. In southern languages, as 

 Atcikapa, KAyowe, etc , this sort of grammatic combination is much more 

 frequent than in Klamath. 



There are a large number of other compound suffixes which were not 

 mentioned in the following list on account of the small number of terms 

 known in which they occur. Such are -ini, -kieni, -mla, -tchla, etc.; but 

 the majority of these may be understood by analyzing them into their com- 

 ponents and comparing them with suffixes formed in a similar way, as -ina, 

 -pfit^a, -m'na, tchna. 



-a, the most frequent of all suffixes, is appended to consonantal as well 

 as to vocalic stems or bases, occurs in almost every part of speech, and forms 

 compound suffixes. The different uses made of this ubiquitous suffix neces- 

 sitate subdivision. 



1. Verbs in -a. A large majority of verbs shows this suffix or a suffix 

 composed with -a. It is in fact the particle a of the declarative mode, which 

 sometimes appears as a word for itself Being usually unaccented when 

 appended to the word, it becomes so closely connected with it as to turn 

 into a true suffix, and in inflectional foi-ms is often replaced bv other end- 

 ings. With other vocalic suffixes it forms a contrast of a locative import: 

 hinua to fall on something; In'nui to fall on the ground; tchfilamna to sit on, 

 against something; tchalamnu to sit on an eminence or at a distance. The 

 great frequency of the suffix -a is accounted for by its general, wide, and 

 indistinct signification. We find it in transitive and intransitive verbs, and 

 among the latter in impersonal and attributive verbs. In most of the verbal 

 suffixes it occurs as the final sound, alternates at times with the suffix -ha, as 

 in tela, ti^lha to look upon, to resemble; sometimes assumes the accent (guka, 

 etc.), and in the verb hla' seems even to form a part of the radix. This is 

 done, however, to distinguish it from hla-a, q. v. Free from all connection 

 with other suffixes, -a does not occur frequently except in verbs with itera- 

 tive reduplication. We find it in: 



kfla to be in a Jiurri/, to be excited. 

 It6ka to make a round dot; subst. Itok. 



