308 GKAMMAK OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



rnuka to menstruate ; cf. miiksh bahc. 



p^ta. pdt'a to di'srtipt something; cf. lepeta to indent. 



skia to fizzle; cf. kiu anus. 



sk6a it is springtime ; also subst. 



tila to make a noise, as by stamping with the feet; cf ti'ltila. 



Examples of verbs formed by iterative reduplication: 



hiulu'wa to be elastic, soft. pi'ikpuka to crack icitJi the teeth. 



yalyala to he limpid, clear. shiakshiaga to balance on the arms. 



ka-ukawa to rattle. shukshuka to shake one^s head. 



mulmula to loicer the eyebrows. tiltila to make a noise, as by rapping. 



2. Nouns in -a. Substantive nouns in -a exist in considerable numbers. 

 Some of them are abbreviations from -ap, -ash, q. v., wliile others, and the 

 larger part of them, have been verbs in -a or are still so, having without 

 any phonetic change assumed the function of a noun, the distinction be- 

 tween verb and noun being less marked in most Indian languages than in 

 our own. The examples below contain substantives partly formed with 

 compound suffixes: 



kia lizard, and kudsha field-rat ; cf. ki'dsha to creep, crawl. 



nllka cinnamon bear. 



pala, pji'hla wicker plate or j)addle, from pala to dry. 



pAta summer season; cf paha to be dry. 



klipa mink; kelayua, species of long-tailed mouse. 



pa'ka grandfather'' s brother, for pa'kap. 



sk6a ond sko spring season. 



shtfa pitch, resin, and tia sccd-paddle. 



saiga grassy 2}lain, jirairie. 



haptchii fifth finger, and to go or hide behind. 



nkfka dust, atoms, and to be full of dust. 



wipka overshoe made of straw. 



weketa and wekdtash green frog. 



ktiishka slice, clipping, and to cut off, slice off. 



mbi'ika and mbukash earth crumbling into dust. 



