LIST OF SUFFIXES. 317 



ktelualaha to gather pine-nuts for a time. 

 k61alsha to he in the act of gathering the kp'l-bulb. 

 niilyalsha to gather tule-stalks in season ; cf. nia-i, nia yala. 



-alshlltl- This suffix, not of frequent occurrence, is -alslia increased 

 b}- the suffix -na, q. v. 



hutkalshna to get up precipitately. 



-alta, see -ta. 



-altko, in the oblique cases -alpkash, -dlpkam, etc., is the form of the 

 past participle of verbs in -ala, transitive as well as intransitive. When 

 derived from transitive verbs, the form in -altko, which in the northern dialect 

 is rarely accentuated on the penult in the subjective case, has as well an 

 active as a passive function, though of these two generally one prevails. 



No special mention would be made of these participles as regular 

 inflectional forms if they did not at times pass into the condition of verbal 

 adjectives. This is the case when the parent verb is no longer in use or 

 when the signification of the form in -altko shows an alteration from the 

 form of the verb. Many of the "comprehensive" terms of relationship 

 through blood and marriage belong here. Cf -tko, -antko. 



shtit%e-unaltko related as brothers ; cf t/t^^-unap elder brother. 

 shaptalaltko related as sisters or female cousins; cf p'talip. 

 lulpaltko provided ivith eyes ; from a supposed liilpala to obtain eyes. 

 shunuishaltko possessed of ; cf shunuish property. 

 o'lshaltko gray-haired ; from olshala to resemble the olash-dove. 

 petchakaltko having little feet; from a supposed petchakala. 

 shmokaltko tvearing a heard ; from a supposed shm6kala. 

 tchuyeshaltko tvearing a hat, cap; cf tchuyesh hat, cap. 



-altcha, see -alsha. 



-am, -lam, the suffix of the possessive case in the absolute and distrib- 

 utive form; -lam is placed after the vowels -a and -e of the nominal base, 

 -am after consonants and the vowels -i, -o, -u, which in that case are con- 

 sidered as consonants (y, w). B6th suffixes are pronounced very short, 



