322 GEAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



itive; other verbs in -apka are usitatives or iterative.s. From the verbs in 

 -pka they differ only by the presence of the basal -a. 



I. — Verbs expressing distance from the one speaking: 



(a) Distant, when lying on the ground or within reach. 



iliipka to charge, load by placing the load on the bottom (of boat). 



ki'a])ka to recline sidcwise. 



shnukpapka to hold down on the ground. 



tchiapka, waw/ipka to sit on the ground. 



(I)) At a distance from the one speaking, but still visible : 

 gelapka to climb into, step upon at a distance, 

 telhapka to survey, overlook, as a country, 

 tinok'napka to set, said of celestial bodies. 



(c) Removed out of the usual position, or at a distance sufficient to 



prevent contact: 

 klamtch;ii)ka to keep the eyelids closed. 

 shatasht^apka to seize an object with the hand so that the fingers do not 



touch the thumb in grasping, 

 shmuktchtipka to pout the lips. 



(d) At a distance out of sight: 

 k'lewidshapka to leave behind in the lodge, 

 kpudshapka to pursue an object out of sight. 



II. — Iterative verbs are as follows: 

 shkanakapka to assail repeatedly. 

 shuktajjka to strike oneself repeatedly. 

 vutikapka to draw the tongue in and out. 



-as, see -ash. 



-ash, -as, -sh. The most frequently occurring nominal suffixes are 

 -ash, -ish, -ush, all formed by the connection of the vocalic stem-endings of 

 verbs with the noun-making suffix -sh, -s. All of them differ in their func- 

 tions, and it is therefore preferable to treat of them in separate articles. The 

 suffix -ash is pre-eminently a suffix for names of inanimate objects, while -isli 



