LIST OF SUFFIXES. 323 



is tlie suffix forming- names of animate beings chiefly. The difference is best 

 shown by examples: 



sliashapkeleash story, narrative, myth. 



shashapkek'-ish narrator, story-teller. 



shlelaluash upper eyelid, or "cover" moving by itself. 



shle'laluish cream of milk, or "cover" to be removed by hand; the real 

 meaning of shlt'lalnish being cover. 



tchl'sh (from tchiash) settlement; tchi'sh (from tchf-ish) settler. 



The vowel -a- in -ash is often elided by syncope, especially when pre- 

 ceded by a consonant, or suffers contraction, as -a-ash into -ash. 



As an inflectional terminal, -ash forms the ohjective case in the adjective, 

 and also in the majority of names of animate beings in the absolute as well as 

 in the distributive form. In the numerals, -ash has the function of a locative 

 suffix; cf. "Numerals." 



It also forms the verbal indefinite of the verbs in -a: shiyuta to exchange, 

 barter — tuA i shana-uli shiyutash'F/or what will you barter this? The verbal 

 signification is still perceptible in the nouns ko-i piluyeash onion, viz., "bad 

 smeller", and in ko-i tumenash noise, viz, "disagreeable hearing". 



1. Denominative nouns in -ash. I mention a few instances in which the 

 primitive term is still in use at the same time with the derivative, so that 

 there cannot be any reasonable doubt of a derivation having occurred : 



kaila earth, ground; kiiilash mud, dirt, semen. 



lo'k kernel, seed; liikash ^.s7t-roe. 



miiksh down; mukash owl, 'downy bird." 



nnilu, someilnng rotten ; molash j)hlegm. 



shi'l cloth, tissue; shilash tent. 



t6ke horn, prong; {i')ks\\ navel ; fish-bladder. 



2. To the above may be added a few nouns formed through onomato- 

 pceia : 



tuktuk (cry of hawk), tuktukwash fish-haivk. 

 wa'k (note of duck), wa'kash, a duck species. 

 wdkat (cry of frog), wcketash green frog 



3. Nomina verbalia concreta or substantives in -ash, formed from transi- 



