326 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE, 



k6ye, k6-i lobster, crab. 



kiinime, kumnie cave, cavern. 



shki'ile, ski'ila, Mod ts^ule lark; poss. skiiliilam. 



tdle, tale little lake, pond. 



-6, see -e. 



-e'a, verbal suffix related to -fa. ' It refers to acts performed with or on 

 one's own body or that of another person, and generally is found with in- 

 transitive verbs only. It sometimes alternates with -ia, iya, which is a more 

 frequent suffix; but when -ia is the original form it does not frequently al- 

 ternate with -c'a. Thus, Kl. and Mod., shashapkelia to recount stories to some- 

 body is in Modoc shapke-ia and shapkea. 



kedshamkedshalk^a to wheel around on one^s feet. 



palalea to pull out by the roots. 



shakatpampelea to have a horse or foot race. 



shetal;{ea and shutapkt'a to stand on one's head. 



tilampudsht'a to roll oneself about. 



tilanshnc'a to contort, turn about one's limbs. 



tcliikualxulca to turn somersaidts. 



-e'8"a, -a!ga, -iega, a suffix forming nichoative or inceptive verbs, and 

 identical in its function with -tampka, but more frequently occurring in 

 Klamath Lake than in Modoc, where -tampka preponderates. There are 

 verbs which assume both endings indiscriminately, as — 



ktudshic'ga and ktudshtampka it begins to rain. 

 tchutchiiyega and tchutcliii-itampka if begins to melt (as ice). 



After the consonants I, tch, dsh, and after all the vowels, -cga appears 

 in the form -idga, -ia'ga, -yt^ga, which is perhaps the original shape of this 

 suffix. Like the Latin verbs in -are and the Greek vei'bs in -dv, -etv, 

 which once were inchoatives also, the verbs in -^ga have dropped the func- 

 tion of inchoatives to express the act or state i^se//" indicated by the base of 

 the verb. The suffix foi-ms verbs from other verbs only, not from nouns, 

 and they are transitives as well as intransitives. 



(a) Verbs of inchoative import in -t'ga, -i^ga: 

 i-unt'ga to become dark at night. 



