LIST OF SUFFIXES. 339 



1. Verbals descriptive of qualUij, which are either verbal adjectives or 

 adjectives, formed from attributive verbs: 



pakish eatable, serviceable as food; from paka to feed on. 



shan^ish raw, uncooked; from shanki to be raw. 



shkontchish pole-necked ; from skuntchna to stick the head out. 



vushish coward; from viisha to be afraid. 



wawishish productive of offspring ; from wai'shi to generate. 



To these may be added the adjectives sk^tish left, left-sided; stehipkish 

 right, right-sided; vultchikish, contracted: vuUchiksh doUcliocephalic. 



2. Substantive nouns, or.names of inanimate objects, which are (1) either 

 produced by the action of the verb from which they are derived {nomina 

 acti), ox (2) serve as instrument, tool, or means to the one performing the 

 action of that verb. 



hukish breath, spirit; from luika to breathe. 

 kailish belt, girdle ; from kaili to gird oneself. 

 kilkish hump, gibbosity ; from kilka to become humpbacked. 

 leme-ish thunder; from lemdna it thunders. 

 liitish round fruit, berry ; from luta to hang down. 

 shlcwish wind, blast; from shk'wi to blow, v. intr. 

 spuklish sweat-lodge; from spiikli to perspire. 

 shulotish garment; from shulota to dress oneself. 



Since the main function of -ish is an active and personal one, the above 

 nouns can be regarded as things personified and acting. Indeed in English 

 we can fitly render kailish by ''girder,'' lutfsh by ''hanger-down," shle'wish 

 by "blower," and spuklish by "sweater." 



3. Substantives in -ish, called nomina actoris. These nouns design;ito 

 animate beings which perform the act described by the verb more than once, 

 constantly, repeatedly, or habitually. When they are frequentative or usita- 

 tive nouns they generally stand in the distributive or reduplicated form. 



biinuish drinker, bubanuish drunkard; from biinua to drink. 

 ndiinAm\&h. prattler ; ivom mli^xvA to prattle, speak. 



