348 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



shi'tuakla to wrestle tvith. 



shluki'itakla, spukutakla, sti'ntakala to carry a child on the back, not tied 

 to the baby-board. 



-klli, nominal suffix forming adjectives and tribal names from nouns 

 indicative of places, regions, localities, rivers etc., and from adverbs of loc- 

 ative signification. The suffix can be circumscribed by "living or staying 

 there, inhabiting that locality, to be found in that locality", and from this 

 is derived the secoudaiy function of "proceeding, coming, arriving from 

 there, being a native of that spot or country", which we also find in the 

 Latin ending -anus, the Grreek -to?, the German -er. -kni is appended more 

 frequently to the case- suffixes and case-postpositions of nouns than to their 

 subjective case, and when the adjectives in -kni occur in their oblique cases 

 -kni is superseded by the oblique cases of -kish. Tribal names, names in- 

 dicating citizenship, nomina (/entilicla, are adjectives in all languages, and so 

 are they here. A subdivision of the nouns in -kni are those in -tkni, q. v. 



(1) Formed from nouns and particles: 

 ati'kni stranger, alien, foreig^ier. 



gitakni coming from, native of a place. 

 yanakni inhabiting lowlands or the lower course of a river. 

 kokagtalkni coming toward, from, or across the stream. 

 nakush%enkni living near the dam, nakush. 

 tapitankni staging in the rear of. 



tugshtakni (for tugshtalakni or tugshtatkni) coming from or native of the 

 other side. 



Also in three numerals of the cardinal and adverbial series; cf. Nu- 

 merals. 



(2) Formed from local names: 



E-ukshikni Indian (or settler) living on Upper Klamath Lake. 



Kumbatkni person living in or near the rocky caves. 



Lokuashtkni Warm Spring Indian: lit. "Indian of the Hot Springs." 



Moatokni (for Moatok-kni) Indian living on Moatok Lake: Modoc Indian. 



Oreginkni inhabitant of Oregon State. 



Plaikni highlander : uplander on Sprague River. 



Tchakii'nkiii Indian of the service-berry tract, for Tchak;{(~'nikni. 



