LIST OF SUFFIXES. 355 



-Ish, -Is forms nomina verhalia by means of the universal nominal suffix 

 -sh, -s from verbs in -ala, -la, which have partially become obsolete. The 

 words belonging here may be classed as well under -sh as under -Ish. 



kaknd'lsh parflesh, skin-armor. 



luatpishlalsh death-lament; from luatpishlala to mourn over. 



shawalsh arrow-head; from sha-ula to place at the end of. 



shellualsh ivarfare, war ; from sh^llual to make war. 



shua'kalsh sleeve. 



iVi'^sXsh. persimmon ; of tupesh dough, soft substance. 



-m. Substantives in -m preceded by a vowel other than a, a (-am, 

 -lam, -am) are not frequent and seemingly all monosyllabic. This suffix 

 seems to be the remnant of a longer one, and in the case of Igum is a pos- 

 sessive case (for Igi'iam). We add two terms in -am with difficult etymology. 



kia'm^s/i; cf kidsha to swim, kii'mat back. 



Igura coal, burnt wood; from Igii black paint. 



pum beaver 



s^Viva. female of the ska' -bird. 



shum, sum mouth ; cf si mouth, tooth in Californian languages. 



witii'm black bear. 



-ma, suffix occurring frequently in transitive and intransitive verbs, 

 and pointing either (1) to an act performed or state luidergone upon the 

 ground or on a level plane, as lying about, spreading around; or (2) to a 

 curvilinear motion made upon the ground, on the body or some other 

 object, or in the air. This suffix forms many compound suffixes, as -ki'ma 

 -maga, -ma'shka, -mavva, -meni, -mi'a, -mla, -m'na, etc. Ma also occurs in 

 substantives, as in kashma (a plant-species); with -i- inserted in shatchl;ijamia 

 to paint oneself white. 



(1) dma to hand over, as a babe tied to the board. 

 ke'ltama to let fall, drop upon the ground, 

 ktuyuma to cut into many pieces. 

 kuyuma to be muddy. 

 Ic^shma not to discover on the spot where sought for. 



