LIST OF SUFFIXES. 357 



Ndan three is abbreviated from ndani; tc'-in recently^ from te'-ini new, recent; 

 tapitan, wigatan and other postpositions in -tan stand for tapitana, wigjitana. 



1. Verbs in -n are chiefly intransitives, and lose this snflRx in several of 

 their inflectional forms, like the verbs in -na; cf pa-uk/or eatinfj (from pan), 

 shla't! shoot ye! from shlin, a't. See Paradigm below. 



ktchan to masticate. shlin to shoot, wound. 



kapen to cool down. t'shin to grow up. 



IX'kn to form ivaves. ukidshlin, v. intr. to blow, pass, or 



pan to eat, feed upon. ivaft through. 



p'lin to become fat. vulan to tvatch fish at ice-holes. 



shni'pelan to make fat. we'n to freeze. 



2. Substantives in -n. A few of the nouns below appear to be parti- 

 cipial forms, but of the majority the derivation is unknown. 



ka'n urine-bladder. tintan bell, from udintena. 



kii'nkan, kenekan gray squirrel. vu'n elk, from vu-ua to halloo; lit. 

 kshun hay, from ksht'na. "hallooing (deer)." 



kakan a bird-species. wan yellow or red fox. . 

 pshin night-time. 



-na, a suffix of a more abstract nature than most others in Klamath, 

 forms nouns and verbs, and as a verbal suffix is very frequent. It is derived 

 from the same radix as the prefix n-, the verbs ndya, newa, nainaya etc., all 

 of which refer to something thin, sheet or string like, or to something ex- 

 tending along the ground into distance as far as the horizon. 



1. -na as a case-suffix expresses direction, and is called by me the suffix 

 of the transitional case: to, toward, in the direction of Cf Inflection of 

 the Substantive. It also serves as a suffix to particles : ina, yAna, muna, 

 tuna, etc. 



2. -na as a nominal suffix is related to the adjectival -ni, and occurs in 

 the following substantives, some of which have probably been verbs at first: 



klana, species of a root or tuber. 



yaina mountain, yaina-aga kill; cf. y4na. 



