LIST OF SUFFIXES. 371 



3. -t appears as a derivational suffix in a few substantives, though in 

 monosyllables we are uncertain whether it forms part of the radix or not 

 (ku't, tiit): 



gilit, kili't hole^ fissure, anus. n^wisht remains. 



kenawat horse-sorrel. Sa't, Sha't Snake Indian. 



kna't rocky, dry land. tut, d. tutat iooth. 



ku't, sort of flour. tchku't, species of bitter cabbage. 



The points of the compass, as y;imat north, lupit, miiat, t^alamt are 

 abbreviated forms from yamatala etc. 



4. There are a few particles ending in -t, as — 



at, at at the time, then; gent thereabout ; humasht thus ; mbushant to mor- 

 row; pa'dshit to-day; pa'ktgisht after daylight; pshe'ksht, pshiksht 

 (and pshe'ksh) at noon-time. 



The two last-mentioned clearly bear the stamp of verbal inflectional 

 forms. Cf also the postpositions ending in -ant. 



-ta, a suffix chiefly occurring in transitive verbs, also in a few nouns 

 which probably were verbs before. The function of -ta is that of forming 

 applicative verbs analogous to -ka, but diff'ering from this by referring more 

 exclusively, like the prefix ta-, to persons and to erect objects of an elon- 

 gated form. Originally, ta is a radix of demonstrative signification, which 

 still appears in tata at that time, tank then, and in pronouns -t refers to ani- 

 mates and inanimates as being at a distance: hu't, hu'kt, hukta, hu'nkt, etc. 

 There are, however, some verbs in which a reference to tall, erect, or dis- 

 tant things as direct or indirect objects are no longer to be detected Com- 

 poses several suffixes, as -alta, -ita, -tchta and -kta (from verbs in -aga), and 

 others, all of which we treat here under the one heading of -ta. 



1. Verbs in ta; a person is the direct or indirect object: 



hdmta to speak, tell to; from ha'ma to emit sound. 



hishkita to give a false report to ; from kiya to lie. 



yvita to shoot at (plurality of objects). 



match^ta to listen attentively to. 



shea'ta to pay off, distribute to; cf sht'tu to count. 



