376 GRAMMAR OP THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



-ti'tjlllll, verbal suffix differing from -tita only by the circumstance 

 that the act is performed at a short distance (-na) outside of the lodge, 

 inclosure etc. It is sometimes contracted into -ti'tna. Here and in the 

 foregoing suffixes the locative function of -ti is clearly shown. 



gatitana, kislititana to ivalk around the lodge etc. 



liutitana, or liutitna to crowd outdoors at a short distance ; plural form of 

 tgatitana, or tgatitna to stand (as above). 



-tka, nominal and verbal suffix having various functions. 



1. Nominal inflectional suffix -tka; forms the instrumental case in sub- 

 stantives and adjectives, sometimes assuming a temporal meaning. Com- 

 bined with -sh to -shtka it forms the verbal desiderative, q. v. 



2. Verbal inflectional suffix -tka sometimes stands for the -tki of the 

 verbal intentional on account of neglectful pronunciation. Modoc often 

 uses -tka and -tku for the participial ending -tko, q. v. 



3. Verbal derivational suffix -tka most frequently expresses a return from, 

 or an act of locomotion repeated in a direction opposite to the act preceding 

 it. When standing in the participial form of -tkank. Mod. -tkan, it therefore 

 often corresponds to our pluperfect tense. 



gankanktka to return from hunting ; gankanktkank after having hunted ; 



lit. " after having returned from the hunt." 

 itka, liit^a, ut;^a to take hack, ivrench off from. 

 yumaltka to return from the berry-harvest. 

 lulukshaltka to return from cremating. 

 shitchatka to fly hack. 

 tamgnutka to return from a place visited, from travel. 



4. Verbal derivational suffix -tka sometimes adds to the radical verb the 

 idea of ahove, over somebody or something. 



itatka to hold long-shaped objects ahove. 



lutatka to hold round things ; nctatka flat things ; shletatka sheet-like 



things ahove an object etc. 

 sti'itka to he standing (animals). 



