378 CRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



3. Verbal derivational suffix -tki, also jironounced variously like No. 2, 

 forms verbs which mark an effect or return upon somebody or upon oneself, 

 a reversal upon owe's oivn hody, this being here indicated by -i: 



ka'ltki to become round, hard, dry, strong ; from kalkali round. 



le'ltki to look or to peep at. 



kuktakia, kii'^tgi to covet, to he enamored of. 



h'tchtakia to try hard, to endeavor ; from litchlitchli powerful. 



ta'%tgi to become red, to blush; from taktakli red. 



tchiimptki, Mod. tchamptakia to be frightened. 



-tkni is a suffix of adjectives, in which the ending -kni, q. v., is ap- 

 pended to one of the locative cases (-tat, -ti) of substantives, adjectives, or 

 pronouns. Hence the nouns in -tkni form but a subdivision of the ones in 

 -kni. Besides Kiimbatkni (from kiimme cave, locat. kunimetat or kiimbat) 

 and Lokuashtkni mentioned there, we have: 



ge'tkni coming from out there, from abroad. 

 hataktkni coming from that place. 

 nakantkni coming from the places all around. 

 Skitchueshtkni name of a tribe in northwestern Oregon. 

 Tea^tkni Indian from Tygh Creek. 



-tko, -tk, in Modoc -tko, -tku, -tka, -tk, in the oblique cases -pkash, 

 -pkam etc. in both dialects, is a suffix forming the participles of verbs, 

 mostly indicating the preterit tense. Verbs in -;lla form their participles in 

 -altko; those in -na, -antko (q. v.) This suffix is susceptible of inflection just 

 like nouns, and corresponds in many respects to the Old English prefix y- in 

 yclad, yclept, which is the German ge- in gekleidet, gefangen, gescheidt. When 

 derived of transitive verbs, the participles in -tko are either of active or of 

 passix'e signification, sometimes both. Some are derived from impersonal 

 verbs, and of others the parent verb has become obsolete or never had any 

 existence. Many terms in -tko have become verbal adjectives, or substan- 

 tives either of a concrete or abstract sio-nification. In the conversational 

 language -tko is often thrown off: paha for pahatko dried, 74, H. 



