404 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



participial ending -olank, -ulank corresponds pretty closely to our pluperfec 

 tense when introduced by the particle after: pa-olank after having eaten; 

 from pa-tlla to quit eatimj, pan to eat. In the verbs of moving, going, liav- 

 eling, a circumscriptive form for this same tense exists in the suffix -tka : 

 g^nkanktkank afler returnhn/ from the chase, after having hunted ; from gank- 

 anktka to return from hunting, gankanka to hunt. But the past-present tense 

 is used just as often to express the pluperfect, e. g., spunin i had given, 20, 

 18. For other means to express that tense, cf S3'ntax. 



A list of sentences embodying the circumscriptive temporal inflection 

 of the verb runs as folio w^s: 



nvi pan, nu a ]i;'in I am eating. 



at a nil pan / am eating now, or was, had been eating at the time. 



nu a hii'nk pAn / did eat, I ate, I have eaten. 



Vn'a a nil pan / ate recentfg, a few days ago, this week (Mod.), sometime 



ago (Kl). 

 fi'na nu pan / ate a while ago. 

 ma'ntchaga nu pan / ate a good while ago. 



ma'ntch a nu pAn / ate several months ago, or last year, long ago. 

 tank, ma'ntchtoks, niatoks ma'ntch nu pan I ate at a remote period. 

 nil pa-uapka, ml a pa-uapka I shall or ivill eat or have to eat. 

 nu a un pa-uapka / shall eat by and by. 

 tche'k nu a pa-uapka / shall eat after a while. 

 nu a p.'m tak, pantak / shall then eat (Mod.). 



MODAL INFLECTION. 



In contradistinction to the "Nominal forms of the verb", the infini- 

 tive, verbals, and participles, I call modes only the inflected forms of the 

 finite verb. Modes are not inflected here in the same manner as in European 

 languages for person and number; but, like the tenses and verbals, they 

 assume the reduplicated or distributive form. Only one of the verbal forms, 

 the verbal indefinite, can take one of the modal forms (-t) observed in the 

 finite verb. 



Three modes exist in this language: (1) the declarative mode; (2) the 

 conditional mode ; (3) the imperative mode. 



