THE MODES OF THE VERB. 405 



1. The declarative mode is the simple form of the verb ; it usually termi- 

 nates in the declarative particle a, which now becomes an inflectional suffix. 

 In the future tense, this mode terminates in -uiipka. Its functions nearly 

 correspond with those of our indicative mode. 



2. The conditional mode appends -t to the simple form of the verbs follow- 

 ing the A- inflection, and -at to those following the U-, I-, L- and N- inflec 

 tion. Some verbs in -na will syncopate the vowel between n- and -t, as 

 shuma to sing, pi shuint he man sinr/, for shuinat. Sometimes the ending -t 

 becomes nasalized, as in kukant huk, for kokat he may bite. One of the 

 nominal forms of the verb, the verbal indefinite, forms a conditional by 

 suffixing -t (not -at) to suffix -sh : k'leka to die, k'leksh the act of dying, 

 k'lekshtyor having died, after dying, when dying. 



Tins mode wholly differs from our subjunctives or optatives; it expresses 

 by one term a whole conditional sentence, which we would introduce by such 

 conjunctions as ivhen, if, after, on account of, for. The suffix -t is nothing 

 ijiit the abbreviated: at, noiv, then, at the time being; and if it had to be para- 

 phrased, -t as a suffix would correspond to " under these circumstances." 

 The whole of its functions will be developed in the Syntax. The same par- 

 ticle is sometimes appended to other words than verbs, exactly in the same 

 manner as we see it done in the conditional mode : kak6 belat nothing but 

 bones now. 101, 10, which stands for kako pil at. 



The future in ■ uapka has no conditional mode, for here the declarative 

 mode itself is often employed in that sense. Readers should take care not 

 to confound the conditional mode with the second person of the plural in 

 the imperative : luelat may kill, and luelat ! hill ye ! 



3. The imperative mode, or mode of compulsion, appears in two forms — 

 the imperative proper and the exhortative mode. 



a. The imperative proper, jussive, or mode of behest, command, is formed 

 of the simple form of the verb, or base, increased in the singular by i, i, ik! 

 thou! and in the plural by at! ye! These personal pronouns of the second 

 person ai-e loosely connected with the verb, and may stand before or after it; 

 they never form a part of the verb itself, and are often pronounced separately. 



