THE PARTICIPLES. 407 



NOMINAL FORMS OF THE VERB. 



What I call the nominal forms of the verb are all inflected for severalty, 

 but not all for case. They are : («) participle ; (h) verbals. Two of the 

 latter can form a periphrastic conjugation with the auxiliary verb gi, also 

 both participles. 



a. Participles. 



The language forms two participles, which in their functions correspond 

 somewhat to our participles in -ing and -ed, -t. They occur in every verb, 

 and end in — 



(1) -n (Mod.), -nk (Kl.). 



(2) -tko, -tk (KL), -tko, -tku, -tka, -tk (Mod.). 



1. The participle in -n, -nk I call, for short, the participle of the present, 

 although it is indefinite in regard to tense and only applies to the time 

 referred to by the finite verb of the sentence or clause to which it belongs. 

 Tluis it may be said to refer to the time being. When appended to verbs in 

 -a, the suffix is -an, -ank ; to verbs in -u, either -un, -unk, or -uan, -uank. 

 The other three inflections in -i, -1, -n run as follows: 



gi to be, exist. Mod. gi'an, Kl. giank. 



itkal to pick up, Mod. itk(a)lan, Kl. itklank. 



shlin to shoot, Mod. shlian, Kl shlfank. 



The participial suffix -n, as it appears in Modoc, is more archaic than 

 the -nk of Klamatli Lake, in which the -k is probably the agglutinated verb 

 gi to be. But even in Klamath Lake the -n form occurs frequently enough : 



tchakavan staging in the bush, 24, 1. Cf 23, 2L 



talual^an lying on his back, 24, 14. 



shulatchtilan tcliel;(;a to be on onels knees. 



Palau E-ush Brg Lake, and other local names of both dialects. 



This participle is not susceptible of inflection, except through redupli- 

 cation. The phonetic irregularities occurring in the participle of the verbs 

 in -n, -na will be considered under the heading of the N-inflection. 



