THE VERB WITH PRONOUNS. 417 



stand for -tko g\ ; for instance : tche'ks nu gatpantki / shall come very soon; 

 then, of coarse, it is not the verbal intentional. 



kiela to kill; lueltki, lu^ltki ging, and luela giug in order to Mil. 



tchutna to go and treat; tchutantki giug for the purpose of treating, doc- 

 toring, for medical treatment, 65, 18. 



ge-upka to ascend ; ge-upkatki giug on account o/ (their) ascent, 105, 2. 



It is important to observe that the combination -tki giug is often con- 

 tracted into -tkinga, -tgiug ; lueltki giuga becomes lue'ltkiug; meyatki giug: 

 nieitgiug, ptUki giuga: pAtgiug. 



PERSONAL PRONOUNS CONNECTED WITH THE VERB. 



The personal pronoun, whether used as subject or object of a verb, is 

 not incorporated into the body of the verb. At the choice of the one speaking 

 these pronouns may be placed before or after the finite verb, separated or 

 not separated from it by particles or other words intervening. Most pro- 

 nouns, especially when monosyllabic, are accentless, and therefore either 

 proclitic or enclitic ; but, in spite of such deceptive appearances, the body of 

 the verb does not incorporate these pronouns within itself, and a genuine 

 verbal inflection for person does not exist. This analytic feature greatly 

 facilitates the acquisition of the Klamath language, and distinguishes it 

 clearly from many other languages of North America. 



The subject-pronoun. 



The subject-pronoun can either precede the absolute form of the verb, 

 which generally terminates in -a, or follow it, and in both instances the 

 declarative particle a, though it is in the verb already, may be inserted 

 between pronoun and verb. When the pronoun follows the verb, and the 

 verb stands in the present tense, the particle a is generally inserted between 

 them ; but when a preterit tense is intended, it is usuall}' replaced by hiln, 

 hunk, hu'nk, link. Thus we obtain four modes of conjugating the subject- 

 pronoun with the absolute form of the verb. A fifth one is added to these, 

 which is produced by omission of tlie particle a, retrograding of the accent, 

 syncope, apocope, or other phonetic causes, and extends over the plural and 

 first person of singular only. Except in the first person of the singular, 

 27 



