418 



GKAMMAK OF TDK KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



this fifth mode occurs very rarely. In all these five series idsha may be 

 accentuated also on the ultima: idsha. The intercalation of the declarative 

 particle a is more frequent in the northern than in the Modoc dialect. 



The series of subject-pronouns will be fully discussed under "Pro- 

 nouns." The first persons are ml, ni, and nat; the second, i, at; but for the 

 third persons, various pronouns are in use which in realitv wrv demonstrative 

 ])r()n()uns {sha excepted), expressing the degrees of distance from the speaker 

 at which the objects spoken of are suj)posed to stand. For the third person 

 singular, I have selected for the paradigm pi, pi, which points to a he, she, 

 or it at some distance. No inclusive and exclusive forms for we are in exist- 

 ence, nor is there a dual for any of the pronouns. 



The above will give us the following paradigm for the past-present 

 declarative form of idsha to remove: 



The distributive form i-idsha, i-idsha to remove maiijj objects individu- 

 ally, severally, or at different times follows the same parndigni: 



nu i-idsha nu a i-idsha i-idsha nu i-idsha a nu i-idshan etc. 



The same may be said of the conditional in -t, as far as the four ana- 

 lytic series are concerned. For phonetic causes, the synthetic series is not 

 in use in this mode, and in the declarative mode it is used only in rapid 

 conversational speech. 



In the second and fourth analytic form, the declarative particle a is 

 often replaced by a more emphatic one, like a-i, ha-i, hai, haitch. Like a, 

 these are also particles of actuality, and moreover show, that the act is or 

 was performed in the presence of the speaker, or of the one spoken to. 



The imperative observes another method in forming its two persons, as 

 shown above; the exiiortative shows the uniform ending -tki. 



