RECIPEOGAL VOICE. 425 



5. Tlie reciprocal voice. 



Verbs expressing a mutual act, done by each to the other, are called 

 reciprocal verbs, and presuppose a double subject, which is usually ex- 

 pressed by pronouns. Either these pronouns are added to the verb as 

 separate words,* or they are represented by some affix appended to or in- 

 corporated into the verb. In the language of the Maklaks this latter syn- 

 thetic mode is alone in use, and reciprocal verbs are able to form nominal 

 derivatives also. Like the reflective voice, the reciprocal voice is formed 

 by the medial prefix sh- or its compound h-sh-, and attended by vocalic 

 anathesis: 



(a) Reciprocal verbs with prefix sh-. This form of the voice is not so 

 frequent as the one to be given under (c). 



shakiha to miss each other ; from kaihha to miss the aim. 

 shatashta to touch each other; from tashta to touch by hand. 

 shetiii to fire at each other; from tewi to shoot. 

 shenoi^a to compact, agree; from ne-ul^a to arrange. 



(b) Reciprocal verbs with prefix sh-, formed by the distributive form of 

 medial verbs. This mode of deriving reciprocal verbs is only accidental. 



shashalgia to quarrel; from sluilgia to lay something against. 

 shashtashta to touch each other ; from tashta to touch by hand. 



(c) Reciprocal verbs with prefix h-sh-. Some verbs formed in this man- 

 ner are simultaneously reflective and reciprocal, and the original active 

 form of others no longer exists in the language. 



heshamkanka to tell, order each other; from hemkanka to speak., 

 hushutanka to meet each other secretly; from hi'itanka to run up. 

 hushpantchna to walk arm in arm; from spiinshna to take along. 

 hushtiwa to scratch, stab each other; from tewi to pierce, stab. 

 hushtchoka to kill each other; from tch6ka to pierish. 



And many others on page 279. 



(d) Reciprocal verbs in -yua. Modoc verbs of this terminal have been 

 discussed under Suffix -yua. 



' Sometimes accompanied by prepositions, as inter iu Latin, entre iu French. 



