430 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



iiitransitives, with tlie personal pronoun in the subjective case, especially in 

 Modoc, while the majority have the personal pronoun or noun [preceding 

 or followin<^ them in the objective case. 



limbutka nu, i ; ambutka n'sh, ni'sh / am, thou art thirsty. 

 hushlta ml ; hushlta n'sh / am in f/ood health. 

 kfi'dshika nil ; ka'dshika nish I feel tired. 

 ma'sha nu ; ma'sha nilsh, n'sh / am sick. 

 tia'ma nix ; tiii'ma n'sh / am hungry. 



Other verbs seem entirely confined to the impersonal form : 



guhua nish, mish / a))i, thou art sivollen. 



kel^a a nilsh, k(jl;{a ansh / am in the habit of. 



katka nilsh, katgans / am cold. 



lushlushki nish I feel warm. 



n/amka nish it aches, hurts me. 



nda-iti an's my hands or feet are cold. 



ndshoka mish thou art deaf. 



pano'pka nilsh I am hungry; lit. "I want to eat." 



paka nish, pii'kansh I am thirsty; lit. "it makes me dry." 



piipa niish, piipans I Meed from the nose. 



taps%oya an's my ftnyers are numb from cold. 



tchjikellla an's / bleed (elsewhere than from the nose). 



Compare also the following sentences : 



ku-i an'sh hushlta paishuk sultriness oppresses me. 



ka'gi a n'sh tcho'ksh / am lame in one ley ; lit. "to me a leg is deficient." 



9. The verb yt to be. 



The Klamath verb gi corresponds in a certain measure to our substan- 

 tive verb to be, but besides this it is used in a much wider signification. It 

 unites the functions of an intransitive to those of a transitive and substantive 

 verb, forms with some verbs what I call "periphrastic conjugation," and in 

 its various forms also enters as a component into the formation of words. 

 This verb gi is, in fact, the demonstrative pronoun ge, ke this one, this here 



